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Archaeometric evidence for the earliest exploitation of lignite from the bronze age Eastern Mediterranean

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Archaeometric evidence for the earliest exploitation of lignite from the bronze age Eastern Mediterranean

dc.contributor.author	Buckley S.
dc.contributor.author	Power R.C.
dc.contributor.author	Andreadaki-Vlazakis M.
dc.contributor.author	Akar M.
dc.contributor.author	Becher J.
dc.contributor.author	Belser M.
dc.contributor.author	Cafisso S.
dc.contributor.author	Eisenmann S.
dc.contributor.author	Fletcher J.
dc.contributor.author	Francken M.
dc.contributor.author	Hallager B.
dc.contributor.author	Harvati K.
dc.contributor.author	Ingman T.
dc.contributor.author	Kataki E.
dc.contributor.author	Maran J.
dc.contributor.author	Martin M.A.S.
dc.contributor.author	McGeorge P.J.P.
dc.contributor.author	Milevski I.
dc.contributor.author	Papadimitrious A.
dc.contributor.author	Protopapadaki E.
dc.contributor.author	Salazar García, Domingo Carlos
dc.contributor.author	Schmidt-Schultz T.
dc.contributor.author	Schuenemann V.J.
dc.contributor.author	Shafiq R., Stuijts I.
dc.contributor.author	Yegoroiv D.
dc.contributor.author	Yener K.A.
dc.contributor.author	Schults M.
dc.contributor.author	Spiteri C.
dc.contributor.author	Stockhammer P.W.
dc.date.accessioned	2022-01-12T08:50:50Z
dc.date.available	2022-01-12T08:50:50Z
dc.date.issued	2021
dc.identifier.citation	Buckley S. Power R.C. Andreadaki-Vlazakis M. Akar M. Becher J. Belser M. Cafisso S. Eisenmann S. Fletcher J. Francken M. Hallager B. Harvati K. Ingman T. Kataki E. Maran J. Martin M.A.S. McGeorge P.J.P. Milevski I. Papadimitrious A. Protopapadaki E. Salazar García, Domingo Carlos Schmidt-Schultz T. Schuenemann V.J. Shafiq R., Stuijts I. Yegoroiv D. Yener K.A. Schults M. Spiteri C. Stockhammer P.W. 2021 Archaeometric evidence for the earliest exploitation of lignite from the bronze age Eastern Mediterranean Scientific Reports 11 24185
dc.identifier.uri	https://hdl.handle.net/10550/81311
dc.description.abstract	This paper presents the earliest evidence for the exploitation of lignite (brown coal) in Europe and sheds new light on the use of combustion fuel sources in the 2nd millennium BCE Eastern Mediterranean. We applied Thermal Desorption/Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Polarizing Microscopy to the dental calculus of 67 individuals and we identified clear evidence for combustion markers embedded within this calculus. In contrast to the scant evidence for combustion markers within the calculus samples from Egypt, all other individuals show the inhalation of smoke from fires burning wood identified as Pinaceae, in addition to hardwood, such as oak and olive, and/ or dung. Importantly, individuals from the Palatial Period at the Mycenaean citadel of Tiryns and the Cretan harbour site of Chania also show the inhalation of fire-smoke from lignite, consistent with the chemical signature of sources in the northwestern Peloponnese and Western Crete respectively. This first evidence for lignite exploitation was likely connected to and at the same time enabled Late Bronze Age Aegean metal and pottery production, significantly by both male and female individuals.
dc.language.iso	eng
dc.relation.ispartof	Scientific Reports, 2021, vol. 11, p. 24185
dc.subject	Arqueologia
dc.title	Archaeometric evidence for the earliest exploitation of lignite from the bronze age Eastern Mediterranean
dc.type	journal article	es_ES
dc.date.updated	2022-01-12T08:50:51Z
dc.identifier.doi	10.1038/s41598-021-03544-w
dc.identifier.idgrec	149485
dc.rights.accessRights	open access	es_ES