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Bel Martínez, Juan Carlos
Valls Montés, Rafael (dir.); Colomer Rubio, Juan Carlos (dir.) Departament de Didàctica de les Ciències Experimentals i Socials |
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Aquest document és un/a tesi, creat/da en: 2021 | |
This research focuses on studying the concept of historical imagination in the teaching and learning of history through a theoretical and an empirical analysis. With these approaches we explore how this concept has been conceptualised in research on history education and how it is conceived by teachers.
Thus, the theoretical analysis developed examines the philosophical, pedagogical and psychological bases of the concept of imagination in the educational field, as well as the foundations from historiography and philosophy of history that have been adopted by researchers to apply the concept in the teaching and learning of history. Together with this, the thesis carries out an extensive examination of works of different nature that have dealt with historical imagination in history education in the last decades, all of this based on a detailed study of numerous publications disseminated ...
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This research focuses on studying the concept of historical imagination in the teaching and learning of history through a theoretical and an empirical analysis. With these approaches we explore how this concept has been conceptualised in research on history education and how it is conceived by teachers.
Thus, the theoretical analysis developed examines the philosophical, pedagogical and psychological bases of the concept of imagination in the educational field, as well as the foundations from historiography and philosophy of history that have been adopted by researchers to apply the concept in the teaching and learning of history. Together with this, the thesis carries out an extensive examination of works of different nature that have dealt with historical imagination in history education in the last decades, all of this based on a detailed study of numerous publications disseminated in multiple regions. This approach allows us to propose a classification of the main meanings attributed to the concept, as well as to underline the theoretical foundations on which it has been based and the nuances with which it has been used in different disciplinary traditions.
On the other hand, the empirical analysis implemented is organised in three sequential phases in which qualitative and quantitative research methods are applied in a series of studies to examine teachers' perceptions, using methods such as: descriptive and inferential statistical analysis, grounded theory, discourse analysis, ex post facto study and case study. These studies explore how Spanish teachers, especially Primary Education teachers, value the concept of historical imagination in the learning of history and in what ways they mean it.
The results show that the concept analysed has occupied a residual place in research on history education, although it should be noted that in certain regions and during certain periods interesting debates have been formulated in this regard, which are analysed in this doctoral thesis. In this line, we identify a wide range of meanings that have been assigned to the concept of historical imagination or with which it has been related, although it is possible to appreciate that the scarce attention it has received has had an impact on its scarce clarification.
At the same time, empirical analyses show that there is a great consensus on the importance of students imagining the past when they learn history. Thus, when delving deeper into the perceptions held by teachers, it is observed that they mean the concept in terms of how they consider their students learn, as well as the way they teach history. The most widespread -though not the only- idea of historical imagination is that of understanding it as the ability to form mental images of the past, although in each case teachers refer to it with different nuances. These circumstances lead all teachers to consider -to a greater or lesser extent- that they are mainly responsible for fostering or developing the historical imagination of students through the use of certain teaching strategies and resources.La presente investigación se centra en estudiar el concepto de imaginación histórica en la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de la historia a partir de un análisis teórico y uno empírico. Con estas aproximaciones se explora cómo se ha conceptualizado este concepto en las investigaciones sobre didáctica de la historia y cómo la concibe el profesorado.
De este modo, el análisis teórico desarrollado examina las bases filosóficas, pedagógicas y psicológicas del concepto de imaginación en el ámbito educativo, así como los fundamentos historiográficos y en filosofía de la historia que han sido adoptados por la didáctica para aplicar el concepto en la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de la historia. Junto con esto, la tesis realiza un extenso examen sobre trabajos de distinta naturaleza que han tratado la imaginación histórica en la didáctica de la historia en las últimas décadas, todo ello a partir del estudio minucioso de numerosas publicaciones difundidas en múltiples regiones. Esta aproximación permite proponer una clasificación de los principales significados que se le han atribuido al concepto, así como subrayar los fundamentos teóricos en los que se ha sustentado y los matices con los que se ha empleado en distintas tradiciones disciplinares.
Por otra parte, el análisis empírico implementado se organiza en tres fases secuenciales en las que se aplican métodos de investigación cualitativos y cuantitativos en una serie de estudios para examinar las percepciones del profesorado, de forma que se utilizan métodos como: análisis estadísticos descriptivos e inferenciales, teoría fundamentada, análisis del discurso, estudio ex post-facto y estudio de caso. Dichos estudios exploran cómo los docentes españoles, especialmente de Educación primaria, valoran el concepto de imaginación histórica en el aprendizaje de la historia y de qué modos lo significan.
Los resultados muestran que el concepto analizado ha ocupado un lugar residual en las investigaciones sobre didáctica de la historia, aunque es preciso remarcar que en ciertas regiones y durante determinados periodos se han formulado interesantes debates al respecto que son analizados en la presente tesis doctoral. En esta línea, se identifica una amplia gama de significados que se han asignado o con los que se ha relacionado el concepto de imaginación histórica, aunque pese a ello, es posible apreciar que la escasa atención que ha recibido ha repercutido en su escasa clarificación.
A su vez, los análisis empíricos ponen de relieve que existe un gran consenso sobre la importancia de que los alumnos imaginen el pasado cuando aprenden historia. De esta forma, al profundizar en las percepciones que mantiene el profesorado se observa que significan el concepto en función de cómo consideran que aprenden sus alumnos, así como del modo en que abordan la enseñanza de la historia. La idea de imaginación histórica más difundida -aunque no la única- es la de entenderla como la capacidad de formar imágenes mentales sobre el pasado, si bien en cada caso los docentes se refieren a esta con distintos matices. Estas circunstancias conducen a que todo el profesorado considere -en mayor o menor medida- que ellos son los principales responsables de fomentar o desarrollar la imaginación histórica de los estudiantes por medio del uso de determinadas estrategias y recursos de enseñanza.
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