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Vernia Miralles, Santiago
Casado Pinna, Marta (dir.) Universitat de València - BIOQUÍMICA I BIOLOGIA MOLECULAR |
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Aquest document és un/a tesi, creat/da en: 2007 | |
The sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) family of transcription factors controls cholesterol and lipid metabolism and plays critical roles during adipocyte differentiation and insulin-dependent gene expression. This family consists of three different SREBP proteins, SREBP1a and SREBP1c/ADD1 encoded by SREBF1 gene, and SREBP2, encoded by SREBF2 gene.
Dysregulated fatty acid metabolism is an underlying factor of the most T2D traits such as peripheral insulin resistance, increased hepatic gluconeogenesis, loss of glucose-induced insulin secretion and habitually obesity and seems to be an early marker of insulin resistance. Thus SREBF1 and INSIG2, a gene encoding INSIG2 protein, involved in SREBPs regulation, seem to be attractive candidates for susceptibility genes to metabolic disorders such as dislipidemia, obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D).
We performed a molecular scree...
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The sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) family of transcription factors controls cholesterol and lipid metabolism and plays critical roles during adipocyte differentiation and insulin-dependent gene expression. This family consists of three different SREBP proteins, SREBP1a and SREBP1c/ADD1 encoded by SREBF1 gene, and SREBP2, encoded by SREBF2 gene.
Dysregulated fatty acid metabolism is an underlying factor of the most T2D traits such as peripheral insulin resistance, increased hepatic gluconeogenesis, loss of glucose-induced insulin secretion and habitually obesity and seems to be an early marker of insulin resistance. Thus SREBF1 and INSIG2, a gene encoding INSIG2 protein, involved in SREBPs regulation, seem to be attractive candidates for susceptibility genes to metabolic disorders such as dislipidemia, obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D).
We performed a molecular screening of SREBF1 gene by SSCP in T2D patients, describing 18 variants within this gene. We further genotyped the most frequent variants in a case-control study in Spanish T2D patients and non diabetic non-insulin-resistant controls. In addition we performed different in vitro approaches to characterize the functional implications of variants identified in SREBF1 gene. In this study we found a modest but significant increased risk of T2D associated with a single variant and several haplotypes within SREBF1 gene. In addition we have identified a common deletion in 3´untranslated region and a rare new variant in 5´untranslated region of SREBF1 gene that modifies SREBP1c expression in vitro and could be involved in severe phenotypes of insulin resistance.
To investigate whether mutations in INSIG2 gene might also contribute to diabetes, six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the human INSIG2 gene were tested in Spanish subjects for association with T2D. Association analysis and functional studies showed that rs7589375:T alele caused a decrease of INSIG2 promoter activity which could lead to a dysregulation of SREBPs and ultimately of the lipid metabolism.
Taking together these results our conclusion is that genetic variants in SREBF1 and INSIG2 genes might influence type 2 diabetes risk in Spanish population.RESUMEN
Los factores de transcripción pertenecientes a la familia SREBP (sterol regulatory element binding protein) regulan la homeostasis lipídica del organismo controlando la expresión de numerosos enzimas necesarios para la síntesis de colesterol, ácidos grasos, triglicéridos y fosfolípidos. Esta familia está constituida por tres isoformas que intervienen en procesos específicos: SREBP1c que está implicado en la síntesis de ácidos grasos, en la homeostasis del tejido adiposo y en el metabolismo glucídico inducido por insulina principalmente en el hígado. SREBP2 es relativamente específico de la síntesis de colesterol y la isoforma SREBP1a que, aunque su expresión in vivo es muy reducida parece estar implicada tanto en la síntesis de ácidos grasos como de colesterol [1].
La alteración en el metabolismo de los ácidos grasos es un factor común a muchos fenómenos característicos de la diabetes tipo 2 (DM2), como son la resistencia periférica a insulina, el aumento de la gluconeogénesis hepática, pérdida de secreción de insulina inducida por glucosa y obesidad [2]. Por tanto, genes implicados en la homeostasis lipídica parecen buenos candidatos para condicionar la susceptibilidad a DM2 [3-5].
En este trabajo se ha examinado si variantes en el gen SREBF1 (codifica las proteínas SREBP1a y SREBP1c) o variantes en el gen INSIG2 (insulin induced gen 2), implicado en la regulación de SREBP1, están asociadas con DM2 o con fenotipos relacionados con esta enfermedad. Para ello se analizó el gen SREBF1 por SSCP en un grupo de pacientes con DM2 y controles sanos, identificando distintas mutaciones y polimorfismos. Para el estudio de INSIG2, se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos del genoma humano y se seleccionaron los SNP que potencialmente podrían modificar la expresión de esta proteína.
Tras la identificación de estas variantes, se realizó un estudio genético de asociación con DM2 encontrándose distintas variantes en ambos genes que condicionaban el riesgo de desarrollar la enfermedad. El estudio se completó con la caracterización molecular de dichas variantes para evaluar su efecto sobre la expresión y/o función de estas proteínas y por tanto su posible implicación en patologías metabólicas humanas.
BIBLIOGRAFÍA
1.- Eberle D, Hegarty B, Bossard P, Ferre P, Foufelle F. : SREBP transcription factors: master regulators of lipid homeostasis. Biochimie 86(11):839-48, 2004. Review.
2.-Weyer C, Bogardus C, Mott DM, Pratley RE: The natural history of insulin secretory dysfunction and insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. J Clin Invest 104 :787 794,1999
3.-Sinha R, Dufour S, Petersen KF, LeBon V, Enoksson S, Ma YZ, Savoye M, Rothman DL, Shulman GI, Caprio S: Assessment of skeletal muscle triglyceride content by (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in lean and obese adolescents: relationships to insulin sensitivity, total body fat, and central adiposity. Diabetes 51 :1022 1027,2002
4.-Lupi R, Del Guerra S, Fierabracci V, Marselli L, Novelli M, Patane G, Boggi U, Mosca F, Piro S, Del Prato S, Marchetti P: Diabetes: lipotoxicity in human pancreatic islets and the protective effect of metformin. Diabetes51 (Suppl 1) :S134 S117,2002
5.-Lam TK, van de Werve G, Giacca A: Free fatty acids increase basal hepatic glucose production and induce hepatic insulin resistance at different sites. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 284 :E281 E290,2003
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