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Bas Infante, Esperanza
Ríos Cañavate, José Luis (dir.) Universitat de València - FARMACOLOGIA |
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Aquest document és un/a tesi, creat/da en: 2007 | |
The aim of this Project is to examine the effect of 5-O-demethylnobiletin, isolated from Sideritis tragoricanum sp. mugronensis, and the two iridoids scrovalentinoside and scropolioside A, isolated from Scrophularia auriculata sp. pseudoauriculata on different experimental models of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and on acute and cronic inflammation to determine its effects on the mediators and enzymes implicated in these reactions.
DMN reduced the oedema formation, cell infiltration, and tissue damage in the inflammation induced by TPA in mouse ears, along with the acute oedema induced by carrageenan in mouse paws and the acute PLA 2-induced oedema in mouse paws. DTH reactions induced by oxazolone, DNFB and SRBC were reduced by demethylnobiletin. The experimental results suggest that demethylnobiletin may act by reducing cell infiltration and by decreasing mediators such as inter...
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The aim of this Project is to examine the effect of 5-O-demethylnobiletin, isolated from Sideritis tragoricanum sp. mugronensis, and the two iridoids scrovalentinoside and scropolioside A, isolated from Scrophularia auriculata sp. pseudoauriculata on different experimental models of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and on acute and cronic inflammation to determine its effects on the mediators and enzymes implicated in these reactions.
DMN reduced the oedema formation, cell infiltration, and tissue damage in the inflammation induced by TPA in mouse ears, along with the acute oedema induced by carrageenan in mouse paws and the acute PLA 2-induced oedema in mouse paws. DTH reactions induced by oxazolone, DNFB and SRBC were reduced by demethylnobiletin. The experimental results suggest that demethylnobiletin may act by reducing cell infiltration and by decreasing mediators such as interleukin-2, interleukin-4, tumour necrosis factor- and interferon-, and by concomitantly increasing the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-10. However, interleukin-1 was affected only a lower concentrations. Moreover, demethylnobiletin inhibited the proliferation of T cells and induced their apoptosis. In addition, while demethylnobiletin affected nitric-oxide production, it did not modify NOS-2 expression.The flavone inhibited leukotriene B 4 formation in rat neutrophils and elastase release in human neutrophils, prostaglandin E2 formation was inhibited but did not reduce the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in murine RAW 264.7 macrophages.
Scropolioside A and Scrovalentinoside showed anti-inflammatory properties against different experimental models of delayed-type hypersensitivity. Both iridoids reduced the oedema induced by oxazolone and by sheep red blood cells. The observed effect occurred during the last phase or inflammatory response; during the earlier phase or induction of the DTH reaction, no significant activity was noted. In vivo iridoids reduced both oedema formation and cell infiltration whereas in vitro they reduced the proliferation of activated T-lymphocytes affecting the cell cycle progression principally during the first 48h. Scropolioside A and Scrovalentinoside also inhibited the production of prostaglandin E2, leukotriene B4, nitric oxide, interleukin-1β, interleukin-2, interleukin-4, tumour necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ, but had no effect on the production of interleukin-10. Moreover, it modified the expression of both nitric oxide synthase-2 and cyclooxygenase-2, as well as the activation of nuclear factor-κB in RAW 264.7 macrophages in the case of Scropolioside A.RESUMEN
La presente Tesis Doctoral se ha centrado en el estudio de 5-O-desmetilnobiletina (DMN), aislado de Sideritis tragoricanum sp. mugronensis, y los iridoides derivados del catalpol denominados escrovalentinósido (SV) y escropoliósido A (SC), aislados de Scrophularia auriculata sp. valentina. La selección de estos tres principios se basó en los estudios previos realizados en los cuales se demostraron las propiedades en modelos experimentales de inflamación aguda.
Como métodos experimentales in vivo se han desarrollado nuevos protocolos de inflamación aguda y crónica en ratón, como edema agudo en pata de ratón inducido por carragenina y fosfolipasa A2 (PLA2) y dermatitis en oreja de ratón inducida por aplicación repetida de 13-acetato de 12-O-tetradecanoilforbol (TPA). También se han desarrollado protocolos de hipersensibilidad retardada (DTH) inducida por oxazolona, dinitrofluorobenceno (DNFB) y eritrocitos de cordero (SRBC). En paralelo se han desarrolado diferentes técnicas in vitro para establecer el posible mecanismo de acción de los compuestos estudiados, entre las cuales destacamos la determinación de la citotoxicidad, inhibición de la producción de nitritos, prostaglandina E2, leucotrieno B4 (LTB4), así como de las enzimas que los liberan, interleucinas (IL), factor de necrosis tumoral (TNF) e interferón (IFN) en células aisladas. También se han desarrollado cultivos celulares de macrófagos RAW 264.7, neutrófilos y linfocitos humanos.
Entre los resultados y conclusiones más destacables se pueden citar:
A) DMN tiene propiedades antialérgicas en diferentes modelos experimentales de DTH, reduciendo la inflamación y la proliferación de linfocitos, afectando principalmente a la evolución del ciclo celular. Su efecto antiproliferativo está mediado por la inhibición de IL-1, IL-4, TNF-, IFN-, y especialmente IL-2. Además, DMN incrementa la producción de la citocina antiinflamatoria IL-10. La actividad antiinflamatoria in vivo se justifica por su efecto sobre el metabolismo del ácido araquidónico, disminuyendo la liberación de LTB4 por inhibición directa de la 5-LOX.
B) SV y SC poseen propiedades antiinflamatorias frente a reacciones de DTH, inhibiendo la proliferación linfocitaria y la liberación de IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, TNF-, y especialmente IFN-. SC inhibe la activación del NF-B, lo que justifica la inhibición de la expresión de las enzimas óxido nítrico sintasa inducible (iNOS) y ciclooxigenasa-2 (COX-2). En el caso de SV dicho factor de transcripción no está directamente implicado, si bien también disminuye la actividad de las mencionadas enzimas proinflamatorias.
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