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Ramos Gay, Ignacio
Leal Duart, Julio (dir.) Universitat de València - FILOLOGIA FRANCESA I ITALIANA |
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Aquest document és un/a tesi, creat/da en: 2004 | |
Este documento está disponible también en : http://www.tesisenred.net/TDX-0524105-120146/ |
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English adaptations of French original plays dominated the British stage throughout the 19th century. Reasons for this overwhelming French influence are to be looked for in the economical conditions that framed playwrights as well as in the audience reception. The genre of la pièce-bien-faite as conceived by Scribe and amended by Sardou, though deplored by most of the French and English drama critics, impacted upon British playwrights who not only adapted but also copied and reworked its inner dramatic structure. Nevertheless it is a curious fact that, as yet, no one has devoted a volume of any considerable dimensions to unearth the exact extent of French drama upon the British stage as these systematic adaptations demonstrate. The aim of this thesis is, first, to explore different techniques throughout which dramatists adapted French plays and their reception by British play-goers. I w...
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English adaptations of French original plays dominated the British stage throughout the 19th century. Reasons for this overwhelming French influence are to be looked for in the economical conditions that framed playwrights as well as in the audience reception. The genre of la pièce-bien-faite as conceived by Scribe and amended by Sardou, though deplored by most of the French and English drama critics, impacted upon British playwrights who not only adapted but also copied and reworked its inner dramatic structure. Nevertheless it is a curious fact that, as yet, no one has devoted a volume of any considerable dimensions to unearth the exact extent of French drama upon the British stage as these systematic adaptations demonstrate. The aim of this thesis is, first, to explore different techniques throughout which dramatists adapted French plays and their reception by British play-goers. I will show how these transmutations oscillate between both impoverishing and biased procedures and ameliorating ones. This shift from mere adaptor to dramatic author reflects a broader conception of dramatic creation implying the first step to the renaissance of English drama.
Secondly, it is possible to observe throughout the evolution of adaptations the awakening of late nineteenth-century playwrights as regards dramatic structure and moral and ethical issues. Authors such as Sydney Grundy, Arthur Pinero, Sir Arthur Jones and Oscar Wilde, even if they repudiated any stylistical debt to Scribe and Sardou, whose stage-craft they learnt mostly throughout adaptations and consecutives performances of the Comédie Française in London, are to be regarded as far as dramatic technique and subject are concerned, as the British descendants of nineteenth-century French drama tradition. Thus, I will conclude that these two antagonistic trends reflect the gradual change from the hack playwright who plundered reknown French plays without acknowledgement to its sources, to the aesthetically concerned dramatists who were the architects of the English drama revival of the last decade of the19th century. Oscar Wildes life and dramaturgy will display the overwhelming influence of the French stage upon Victorian playwrights. As for his life, it embodies the assimilation of a mystified image of France constructed by means of successive journeys to Paris and his friendship with the French intellectual bohème. This francophilia can be easily observed through Wildes words, constantly lauding the profession of the French man of letters in comparison to the English literary atmosphere. Moreover, his threat to abandon the country and to become a French citizen after the banning of Salomé, and his final yearss retirement to Berneval-sur-mer and Paris make clear his inclination to France which can also be traced in his dramatic work. As regards his society comedies, by means of several thorough comparative studies of Wildes characters and dramatic situations, we can affirm that his plays are the result of a compostive balance between influence and subversion of French popular authors such as Scribe, Sardou, Augier and Dumas fils and Feydeau.RESUMEN
La tesis doctoral tiene por objetivo analizar la influencia, recepción y subversión del teatro francés en Gran Bretaña durante el marco temporal acotado por 1880 y 1895, tomando como base inductiva la dramaturgia de Oscar Wilde. La estructura está articulada en torno a dos partes. La primera de ella tiene por fin desmitificar el concepto de degeneración dramática asociado al teatro inglés del siglo XIX y a las obras y autores franceses adaptados para los escenarios londinenses, recurriendo a un aparato metodológico basado en la sociología teatral. Por medio del estudio de la eclosión de la industria teatral, del elevado número de piezas puestas en escena, de la progresiva democratización del teatro, la adquisición de un estatus económico y social del dramaturgo, el éxito de la recepción de los géneros más populares fundados en adaptaciones, traducciones e incluso plagios de obras francesas, la necesidad de la adaptación de piezas parisinas como prolegómeno para la constitución de dramaturgias nativas de calidad, así como la adopción de un modelo teleológico derivado de la Comédie Française, para la constitución de un teatro nacional británico, concluiremos que el teatro francés representa una influencia esencial para la regeneración del teatro inglés durante el último cuarto de siglo. La segunda parte da cuenta de la presencia de ese influjo francés a partir de la dramaturgia de Oscar Wilde. Tanto desde un punto de vista biográfico detallando tres momentos en particular de su biografía de mayor conexión con la bohemia literaria francesa-, cuanto estético a partir de sus lecturas de Baudelaire y del simbolismo francés- y dramatúrgico, las cuatro comedias de sociedad wildeanas son estudiadas en relación con sus contemporáneos franceses centrándome particularmente en la subversión operada con respecto a autores considerados menores por la crítica tradicional (Eugène Scribe, Victorien Sardou, Alexandre Dumas fils, Emile Augier, Eugène Labiche), y en la influencia de los vaudevilles de Feydeau como género inspirador de su última gran pieza, The Importance of Being Earnest. A partir del análisis de las situaciones, personajes, parlamentos y recursos discursivos de aquellas obras representadas primeramente en París y posteriormente traducidas, adaptadas, plagiadas o representadas en los escenarios londinenses, el estudio da cuenta de las metamorfosis y reformulaciones operadas por Wilde con respecto a los textos originales que le sirvieron de punto de partida para su creación, hasta el punto de constituir un origen imprescindible para la justa comprensión de la radical modernidad de las propuestas personales del dramaturgo. La tesis se cierra destacando la dramaturgia wildeana en tanto que reflejo del dramatic revival del último cuarto del siglo XIX británico, así como precursor de la evolución de las fórmulas cómicas teatrales británicas del siglo siguiente, ejemplificadas en las dramaturgias de Noel Coward, Ben Travers, Joe Orton y Tom Stoppard.
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