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Blasco Llopis, Milagro
Santaemilia Ruiz, José (dir.) Universitat de València. Departament de Filologia Anglesa i Alemanya |
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Aquest document és un/a tesi, creat/da en: 2009 | |
The objective of this thesis is the analysis of the female characters, members of
the second generation, created by Meera Syal, Nisha Minhas and B. K. Mahal from the
point of view of discourse and gender identity in a context of multiculturalism and
culture clash like the British. I propose a reading of their books as a metaphor of
conduct books following Armstrong and Tennenhouse (1987), and which point to the
construction of new models of femininity.
The reasons for having chosen these authors and works are of a different kind. All
of them are female writers born in England but whose parents came from the Indian
Subcontinent. As such not only are they aware of contemporary British society but they
are also direct heirs of the attitude concerning first generation Indians. They are also
more sensitive as to the role of women, their identity and the importance of their
struggle to gain t...
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The objective of this thesis is the analysis of the female characters, members of
the second generation, created by Meera Syal, Nisha Minhas and B. K. Mahal from the
point of view of discourse and gender identity in a context of multiculturalism and
culture clash like the British. I propose a reading of their books as a metaphor of
conduct books following Armstrong and Tennenhouse (1987), and which point to the
construction of new models of femininity.
The reasons for having chosen these authors and works are of a different kind. All
of them are female writers born in England but whose parents came from the Indian
Subcontinent. As such not only are they aware of contemporary British society but they
are also direct heirs of the attitude concerning first generation Indians. They are also
more sensitive as to the role of women, their identity and the importance of their
struggle to gain their own ground and break with all the expectations, stereotypes and
demands made on them in social terms.
In Chapter 1 the focus of attention is laid on the selection of some issues that
better approached the reading of the primary bibliography along the line of conduct
books as far as identity, gender and ideology are concerned. The treatment of issues
from the point of view of British Asian women as direct receptors of a dual message
and the female writers’ desire to have their voices heard emphasise gender
consciousness and polarisation in the reformulation of social and cultural roles, a
polarisation forced by a strict social order which is symbolically changing from the
silence and subjugation of its women to a system where the self prevails over traditional
norms.
Chapter 2 gathers some key issues on Indian culture as the frame within which
to better understand its precepts and to situate and analyse the gender conflict in a dual
culture, the British one. All the concerns derive from the maintenance of tradition and
point to an indirect guide of conduct whose fulfilment is weakening and becoming
subject to negotiation and rethinking on a social, cultural and political scale. Whereas in
previous years the voice of women was silenced, what these female writers are doing is
revealing the experiences of individuals not wishing to be known for the same
submissiveness and culture barriers imposed on their mothers. Chapter 3 focuses on the
possible terminology to refer to this new literature and the new projects aimed at the
spread and knowledge of new writers from different ethnic communities.
In Chapter four the discussion is organised around selected passages from the
primary bibliography as the starting point for analysis and comparison with the
theoretical accounts from chapters one and two. The preservation of the rules
historically dictated by tradition is being challenged and redefined not without a set of
subsequent conflicts and controversies of what means living between two worlds-the
Hindu -Sikh heritage and a new dual British identity. A perspective is provided by the
reality of the Indian household and another one by the outside world. Even within the
same family, the battle between tradition and contemporaneity is observed on the
diversity of opinions. Consequently, the challenge of power relations is being redefined
in the micro context of the Indian household so as to transfer it to the community first
and then to a more global sphere. Given the difficulty to achieve personal fulfilment the
female characters create their own strategies of survival. With this not only do they
offer a new and modified discourse on the pillars of Indian culture but also a new
reading of the existing stereotypes.L´objectiu d’ aquesta tesi doctoral és l´anàlisi dels personatges femenins,
membres de la segona generació, creats per Meera Syal, Nisha Minhas i B. K. Mahal
des del punt de vista del discurs i de la identitat de gènere en el context multicultural i
de xoc de cultures britànic. Així mateix, es propasa una lectura de les seues obres com a
metàfora de manuals de conducta seguint a Armstrong and Tennenhouse (1987) i, que
com a tal, apunten a la construcció de nous models de femininitat.
La importància i l´elecció d´aquestes autores respon a diversos motius. Per una
banda, es tracta d´autores nascudes a Anglaterra de pares procedents de l´Índia i, per
tant, hereves directes de dos bagatges culturals oposats. Molts dels seus personatges
femenins adopten una actitud crítica que qüestiona, entre altres aspectes, la imposició de
formes de comportament codificades sobre els fills, nascuts i educats a Gran Bretanya.
De fet, i com s´observa en les obres analitzades, en el context multicultural britànic els
membres de la primera generació encara intenten reproduir formes de desig acceptades
a l´Índia però que els nous personatges reten i redefineixen en un procés de
qüestionament i final renegociació de la tradició. Donada la dificultat d’ autorealització
creen les seues pròpies estratègies de supervivència i ofereixen no només un nou discurs
dels principis que regeixen la cultura índia sinó també una nova lectura dels estereotips
imposats. Per l´altra, en el moment de tancament del corpus destacava la dificultat de
trobar escriptores que se centraren en els problemes i experiències de la comunitat
britànico-asiàtica.
La tesi es divideix en quatre parts. La primera inlcou alguns supòsits teòrics
sobre el gènere en relació als conceptes d´identitat, llenguatge i ideologia. La segona
introdueix el lector en alguns dels aspectes que han definit la cultura índia a través de
les diferents generacions. Alguns d´aquests aspectes inclouen, sempre amb la tradició
com a punt d´origen, la posició de la dona, la família, el matrimoni o la sexualitat, entre
altres, per després comparar-los amb la situació a Anglaterra. La tercera intenta ser un
acostament a la possible terminologia per a referir-se a aquest tipus de literatura i a
l´aparició de projectes. En la quarta, la discussió s´organitza a partir d´alguns fragments
triats de la bibliografia bàsica per al seu análisi i comparació.
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