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-Objetivos. Identificar la prevalencia y severidad de enfermedad
periodontal, necesidades de tratamiento periodontal y prevalencia
de lesiones de la mucosa bucal.
-Diseño del estudio. Estudio prospectivo, observacional y tangencial
en el que se examinaron 7,952 mujeres (1991-1999) en la
Escuela de Odontología de la Universidad De La Salle Bajío, en
León, Gto. México, registrándose: edad, antecedentes personales
patológicos, índice periodontal simplificado y lesiones de la mucosa
bucal. Se integraron dos grupos: de mujeres embarazadas
y de no gestantes, con edades similares. Los resultados fueron
manejados en porcentajes, utilizando la prueba de Chi cuadrada
para identificar su significancia.
-Resultados. El embarazo no mostró ser factor decisivo para el
desarrollo de enfermedad periodontal, no habiéndose encontrado
diferencias en la prevalencia de Gingivitis (54.54 y 50.50%) y
Periodontitis (31.82 y 31.75%) entre los dos grupos, sin embargo
la severidad de Periodontitis fue significativamente mayor en
las embarazadas: 18.18 y 9.88% (P< 0.01).
La prevalencia de lesiones de la mucosa bucal fue similar para
ambos grupos: 30%, identificándose 13 lesiones en el grupo de
estudio, predominando leucoedema, úlcera traumática, lesión
roja traumática, glositis migratoria benigna, queratosis irritacional
y granuloma piógeno. En las no gestantes se encontraron
57 lesiones. Granuloma piógeno y glositis migratoria benigna
mostraron una diferencia significativa entre ambos grupos (P<
0.005).
Conclusiones. Gingivitis y periodontitis mostraron cifras de
prevalencia similares en mujeres embarazadas y no embarazadas,
sin embargo periodontitis severa fue mayor en las mujeres
gestantes. Granuloma piógeno y glositis migratoria benigna
fueron las lesiones que mostraron mayor prevalencia durante
el embarazo.-Aims. A study is made to contrast the prevalence and severity
of periodontal disease, the needs for periodontal treatment, and
the prevalence of lesions of the oral mucosa in pregnant (study
group) and non-pregnant women.
-Study design. During the period 1991-1999, a prospective observational
study was made of 7952 women seen in the Dental
School of De La Salle Bajío University (León, Gto. Mexico). The
following variables were documented: age, disease antecedents,
simplified periodontal index, and lesions of the oral mucosa.
Two patient groups were defined: pregnant and non-pregnant
women exhibiting a similar age distribution. The data were
presented as percentages, and comparisons were made based
on the chi-square test.
-Results. Pregnancy was not found to be a decisive factor for
the development of periodontal disease, no differences in the
prevalence of gingivitis (54.54 and 50.50%) and periodontitis
(31.82 and 31.75%) being observed between the two groups.
However, the severity of periodontitis was significantly greater
among the pregnant women (18.18% versus 9.88%; p< 0.01).
The prevalence of oral mucosal lesions was similar in both
groups (30%), 13 lesions being identified in the study group,
with a predominance of leukoedema, traumatic ulceration, red
traumatic lesions, benign migratory glossitis (geographic tongue),
irritative keratosis and pyogenic granuloma. The non-pregnant
women in turn exhibited 57 lesions. Pyogenic granuloma
and benign migratory glossitis exhibited significant differences
between the two groups (p< 0.005).
-Conclusions. Gingivitis and periodontitis showed similar prevalences
in pregnant and non-pregnant women, though severe
periodontitis was more frequent among the former. Pyogenic
granuloma and benign migratory glossitis were the lesions with
the greatest prevalences during pregnancy.
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