Abstract: In first place the text sets out the importance of the abundant and very little-known Tolstoi’s essays. After doing that, it justifies the study of the religion in his works; especially on account of the documented effect it had on two great philosophers, the mature Nietzsche, particularly in The Antichrist, and the young L. Wittgenstein, the author of the Tractatus. The reading of Ma Réligion was especially significant to the first one, whereas Kurze Darlegung des Evangelium had an important influence on Wittgenstein. The novel Resurrection is analyzed with a double intention. On the one hand the text presents the anthropology of religion in Russia at the end of the 19th century, by showing the rituals and the sects just the way they are described in the book; and on the other hand it points out the philosophy of religion, which takes shape from the description of the ideas of some significant characters, such as the ones of the Prince Nekhliudov, and from the explicit speech of the narrator as well. Keywords: Philosophical Anthropology, Anthropology of Religion, Sociology of Religion, Philosophy of Religion, Philosophy and Literature.