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González Carbonell, Iris
Brizuela Costa, Gabriel Alberto (dir.) Departament d'Educació Física i Esportiva |
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Aquest document és un/a tesi, creat/da en: 2015 | |
Neurological disorders generate different types of physical, sensory and sometimes cognitive impairment, which often leads to different degrees of disability in people who have them. Sedentary lifestyle, due to the decline in regular physical activity as a result of a lack of supply of inclusive and adapted physical activity, but also to the lack of specific information on the effect of exercise in people with neurological disorders and as prescribe, greatly increases the chance of getting heart disease and other chronic diseases such as obesity or diabetes. The armcrank pedaling is an excellent exercise to improve mobility, strength and functional abilities as well as to maintain or improve fitness and health for people with disabilities
In order to determine the effect of armcrank pedaling exercise on the physiological response of people with neurological disorders, was developed a d...
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Neurological disorders generate different types of physical, sensory and sometimes cognitive impairment, which often leads to different degrees of disability in people who have them. Sedentary lifestyle, due to the decline in regular physical activity as a result of a lack of supply of inclusive and adapted physical activity, but also to the lack of specific information on the effect of exercise in people with neurological disorders and as prescribe, greatly increases the chance of getting heart disease and other chronic diseases such as obesity or diabetes. The armcrank pedaling is an excellent exercise to improve mobility, strength and functional abilities as well as to maintain or improve fitness and health for people with disabilities
In order to determine the effect of armcrank pedaling exercise on the physiological response of people with neurological disorders, was developed a descriptive cross-sectional study comparing the physiological response of 4 groups of 4 people with different types and degrees of neurological disorder:
LMA: Spinal cord injury (SCI) C5-C6. LMB: Spinal cord injury (SCI) C6-C7. PC: Cerebral Palsy. ADF: Friedreich’s ataxia. A fifth control group consisting of 16 students was also studied.
For 2 series of 5-minute ride in a continuous arm-cranking ergometer at 2 different workloads (0.2 W • kg-1 and 0.4 W • kg-1) the following physiological variables were measured or calculated: FC: heart rate. FR: respiratory rate. VT: Tidal volume. VE: Volume expired. VO2R: Relative Oxygen Consumption. VO2 / FC: Oxygen Pulse.
An analysis of variance for each of the variables, depending on the factors "intensity" and "Group", also analyzing the interaction between these two factors was performed.
The results highlight that the main variables show a very different response between different groups, depending on the type and degree of neurological disorder.
Persons with tetraplegia do not generate too high levels of stress for their cardiorespiratory system during armcrank pedaling exercise, mainly due to the low amount of muscle mass that they can activate voluntarily. Energy expenditure, to equal workload is similar or lower than the control group.
For persons with cerebral palsy, armcrank pedaling exercise generates them very high levels of stress to their cardiorespiratory system. Intensities that are light or very light for others persons, could be pushing the boundaries of healthy aerobic exercise for people with cerebral palsy, especially due to their motor control problems. Their energy consumption is much higher than the control group.
For persons with Friedreich’s ataxia, the arm-cranking exercise could be an excellent aerobic exercise to maintain or improve their physical condition, with significant benefits in their cardiorespiratory system. However it should be noted that, although at lesser degree than for those with PC, exercise often leads them to higher cardiorespiratory responses and could easily reach the limits of healthy aerobic exercise. This can be especially dangerous for persons with Friedreich’s ataxia, due to their frequent cardiac disorders.
To conclude, we can say that it is clearly observed the effect of armcrank pedaling exercise on the physiological response, depending on the difference of various neurological disorders, having also developed a method for measuring it.Los desórdenes neurológicos generan diferentes grados de afectación física, sensorial y en ocasiones cognitiva, que suele derivar en diferentes grados de discapacidad de la personas que los presentan. El sedentarismo, debido a la disminución de la actividad física habitual y como consecuencia de una falta de oferta de actividad física adaptada e inclusiva, pero también a la falta de información específica sobre el efecto del ejercicio en las personas con desórdenes neurológicos y como prescribirlo, aumenta en gran medida la posibilidad de contraer enfermedades coronarias y otras enfermedades crónicas como la obesidad o la diabetes.
Con el objetivo de determinar el efecto del ejercicio de pedaleo de brazos sobre la respuesta fisiológica de personas con diferentes desórdenes neurológicos, se desarrollo un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, comparando la respuesta fisiológica para 4 grupos de 4 personas con diferentes tipos y niveles de afectación neurológica (LMA: Lesión medular cervical alta C5-C6, LMB: Lesión medular cervical baja C6-C7, PC: Parálisis Cerebral y ADF: Ataxia de Friedreich) y un quinto grupo (Control), formado por 16 estudiantes.
Durante 2 series de 5 minutos de pedaleo de brazos continuo en un ergómetro, a 2 intensidades diferentes (0,2 W · Kg-1 y 0,4 W · Kg-1), se midieron (y/o calcularon) las siguientes variables fisiológicas: FC: Frecuencia cardíaca, FR: Frecuencia respiratoria, VT: Volumen corriente, VE: Volumen espirado, VO2R: Consumo de Oxígeno relativo y VO2/FC: Pulso de Oxígeno.
Se realizó un análisis de varianza para cada una de las variables, en función de los factores “Intensidad” y “Grupo”, analizando además la interacción entre estos dos factores.
Los resultados destacan que las principales variables muestran una respuesta muy diversa entre los distintos grupos, dependiendo del tipo y del grado de desorden neurológico.
Las personas con tetraplejia por LM cervical no alcanzan a generar niveles de estrés elevados para su sistema cardiorrespiratorio durante el pedaleo de brazos estático, debido fundamentalmente a la baja cantidad de masa muscular que pueden activar voluntariamente. Su gasto energético, a igual carga de trabajo, resulta similar o inferior que el del grupo de control.
Para las personas con PC, el ejercicio de pedaleo de brazos genera niveles de estrés muy altos al sistema cardiorrespiratorio. Intensidades que para otras personas resultan ligeras o muy ligeras, podrían estar superando los límites de ejercicio aeróbico saludable, para las personas con PC, debido especialmente a sus problemas de control motor. Su gasto energético es muy superior al del grupo Control.
Para las personas con ADF, el pedaleo de brazos podría ser un excelente ejercicio aeróbico para mantener o mejorar su condición física, con beneficios importantes en su sistema cardiorrespiratorio. Sin embargo debe tenerse en consideración que, aunque en menor grado que para las personas con PC, el ejercicio suele generar respuestas cardiorrespiratorias más altas que lo esperable y alcanzar fácilmente los límites de ejercicio aeróbico saludable. Esto puede ser especialmente peligroso para las personas con ADF, debido a sus frecuentes alteraciones cardíacas.
A modo de conclusión, se puede afirmar que se ha observado claramente el efecto del ejercicio de pedaleo de brazos sobre la respuesta fisiológica, en función de la diferencia de distintos desórdenes neurológicos, habiendo desarrollado además, el método necesario para ello.
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