Introduction: Cemento-ossifying fibroma is a benign fibro-osseous maxillary tumor belonging to the same category as fibrous dysplasia and cement-ossifying dysplasia. The aim of present study was report a case of cement-ossifying mandibular fibroma and offers a review of the literature on this disorder. Case report: A 41-year-old woman presented for conventional dental treatment. A control panoramic X-ray study revealed a rounded, mixed-type image in the mandible, located in the periapical zone from tooth 4.3 to 3.3. The patient presented no symptoms and had no medical history of interest. A sample of the lesion was obtained for histopathological study, which yielded a definitive diagnosis of cemento-ossifying fibroma. Discussion: The World Health Organization classifies cemento-ossifying fibroma as a fibro-osseous neoplasm included among the non-odontogenic tumors derived from the mesenchymal blast cells of the periodontal ligament, with a potential to for fibrous tissue, cement and bone, or a combination of such elements. These are slow-growing lesions, and are more frequent in women between the third and fourth decades of life. Although the underlying cause is not known, there have been reports of past trauma in the area of the lesion. Due to the good delimitation of the tumor, surgical removal and curettage is the treatment of choice.