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Identification of plant cells in black pigments of prehistoric Spanish Levantine rock art by means of a multi-analytical approach. A new method for social identity materialization using chaîne opératoire

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Identification of plant cells in black pigments of prehistoric Spanish Levantine rock art by means of a multi-analytical approach. A new method for social identity materialization using chaîne opératoire

dc.contributor.author	López Montalvo, Esther
dc.contributor.author	Roldán García, Clodoaldo
dc.contributor.author	Badal, Ernestina
dc.contributor.author	Murcia Mascarós, Sonia
dc.contributor.author	Villaverde Bonilla, Valentín
dc.date.accessioned	2017-03-06T08:55:20Z
dc.date.available	2017-03-06T08:55:20Z
dc.date.issued	2017
dc.identifier.citation	López Montalvo, Esther; Roldán García, Clodoaldo; Badal, Ernestina; Murcia Mascarós, Sonia; Villaverde Bonilla, Valentín (2017) Identification of plant cells in black pigments of prehistoric Spanish Levantine rock art by means of a multi-analytical approach. A new method for social identity materialization using chaîne opératoire Plos One 1 27
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10550/57545
dc.description.abstract	We present a new multi-analytical approach to the characterization of black pigments in Spanish Levantine rock art. This new protocol seeks to identify the raw materials that were used, as well as reconstruct the different technical gestures and decision-making processes involved in the obtaining of these black pigments. For the first of these goals, the pictorial mat- ter of the black figurative motifs documented at the Les Dogues rock art shelter (Ares del Maestre, Castello ́ n, Spain) was characterized through the combination of physicochemical and archeobotanical analyses. During the first stage of our research protocol, in situ and non- destructive analyses were carried out by means of portable Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluo- rescence spectrometry (EDXRF); during the second stage, samples were analyzed by Opti- cal Microscopy (OM), Raman spectroscopy, and Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). Two major conclusions have been drawn from these analyses: first, charred plant matter has been identified as a main compo- nent of these prehistoric black pigments; and second, angiosperm and conifer charcoal was a primary raw material for pigment production, identified by means of the archaeobotanical study of plant cells. For the second goal, black charcoal pigments were replicated in the labo- ratory by using different raw materials and binders and by reproducing two main cha¿ınes ope ́ ratoires. The comparative study of the structure and preservation of plant tissues of both prehistoric and experimental pigments by means of SEM-EDX underlines both a complex preparation process and the use of likely pigment recipes, mixing raw material with fatty or oily binders. Finally, the formal and stylistic analysis of the motifs portrayed at Les Dogues allowed us to explore the relationship between identified stylistic phases and black charcoal pigment use, raising new archaeological questions concerning the acquisition of know-how and the transfer of traditionally learned cha¿ınes ope ́ratoires in Spanish Levantine rock art.
dc.language.iso	eng
dc.relation.ispartof	Plos One, 2017, p. 1-27
dc.subject	Art prehistòric
dc.title	Identification of plant cells in black pigments of prehistoric Spanish Levantine rock art by means of a multi-analytical approach. A new method for social identity materialization using chaîne opératoire
dc.type	journal article	es_ES
dc.date.updated	2017-03-06T08:55:20Z
dc.identifier.doi	10.1371/journal.pone.0172225
dc.identifier.idgrec	116493
dc.rights.accessRights	open access	es_ES