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Portugués Mollá, Iván
Mateu Bellés, Joan F. (dir.) Departament de Geografia |
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Aquest document és un/a tesi, creat/da en: 2017 | |
The present doctoral thesis studies the profound metamorphosis of the River Turia riverbed and banks at where it has passed through the city of Valencia from the 20th century to the present-day. To a great extent, it has occurred in parallel with some urban and metropolitan modifications. Such simultaneity of river-city interrelations is certainly no isolated case, but reflects the many problems that this pairing contemplates in the Spanish Mediterranean region (mainly shortage of resources, unfair practices, pollution and environmental deterioration). However, during most of the technocratic period of Franco’s regime, the River Turia management has had territorial consequences and has faced specific conflicts that are worth highlighting. The one with most marked exceptional nature was to completely divert the River Turia via a new channel built to the south of the city (South Solution)...
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The present doctoral thesis studies the profound metamorphosis of the River Turia riverbed and banks at where it has passed through the city of Valencia from the 20th century to the present-day. To a great extent, it has occurred in parallel with some urban and metropolitan modifications. Such simultaneity of river-city interrelations is certainly no isolated case, but reflects the many problems that this pairing contemplates in the Spanish Mediterranean region (mainly shortage of resources, unfair practices, pollution and environmental deterioration). However, during most of the technocratic period of Franco’s regime, the River Turia management has had territorial consequences and has faced specific conflicts that are worth highlighting. The one with most marked exceptional nature was to completely divert the River Turia via a new channel built to the south of the city (South Solution) –as a response to the exceptional 1957 River Turia floods- and the reclassification and municipalisation of the former riverbed in order to meet the requirements and to solve urban shortcomings.
A change in the social perception of the river led to new manifestoes, which resulted in the old riverbed being recovered and converted into a park (nowadays with metropolitan dimensions), which have positevily affected its well-being. In any case, its metamorphosis has not finished. The processes underway have led to new debates. The fact that the Turia River course was lost at the historic channel has implied having to reconsider the riverbed order, an obvious impact on the historic fluvial front, and the ecological inconveniences that can only be solved by recovering its flow. Some questions remain open as to planning peripheral stretches. Moreover, although the South Solution has apparently solved some hydraulic problems, territorial, landscape and environmental impacts are some of the concerns not initially considered in the megaproject, and which will demand devising an integration plan.
This transformation has not been dealt with comprehensively. To date some studies have taken a sectorial viewpoint, which might be historical (MELIÓ, 1991; ROSSELLÓ & ESTEBAN, 1999), urban (TEIXIDOR, 1976), architectural, landscape-based (LANZONI, 2006; RODRIGO, 2011; LLOPIS, 2010a), hydro-geomorphological (CARMONA, 1990) or ethnological (MARCO BAIDAL, 1960). Perhaps the very complexity of the South Solution has avoided making a joint reflection at the time when the co-evolutionary co-existence between the fluvial and urban environment was physically fragmented. Indeed the geographical perspective of this research attempts to deal with the overlap of these two extremely dynamic (natural and social) systems. The first contact made with the technical file of the Júcar Hydrographic Confederation and various unheard-of materials led to this novel approach outline. The next block provides details of the general work approaches and closely examines the study area.La presente tesis estudia la profunda metamorfosis del cauce y las orillas del Turia a su paso por Valencia a lo largo del siglo XX y principios del XXI. En gran medida se ha producido de forma paralela a los cambios urbanos y metropolitanos. Esta simultaneidad de interrelaciones entre río y ciudad no representa un caso aislado, sino que plasma muchas de las problemáticas que aquel binomio plantea en el ambiente mediterráneo español (escasez de recursos, prácticas abusivas, contaminación y deterioro ambiental, principalmente). Sin embargo, la gestión del Turia durante la fase más tecnocrática del franquismo ha acarreado consecuencias territoriales y conflictos específicos que merecen ser destacados. La excepcionalidad más importante ha sido su íntegra desviación por un canal nuevo al sur de la ciudad (Solución Sur) -respuesta a una riada extraordinaria en 1957- y la desafección y municipalización del cauce abandonado para resolver notables carencias urbanas. Dicho cambio permitió recuperar el antiguo cauce como parque urbano. Su paulatina ejecución también redundó en una nueva valorización de sus márgenes.
La ciudadanía considera que la restauración del viejo cauce y su conversión en parque (hoy en día de dimensión metropolitana) ha repercutido positivamente en su bienestar. En cualquier caso la metamorfosis no ha culminado. La eliminación del caudal del Turia en el encauzamiento histórico ha significado un replanteamiento en la ordenación del lecho con un impacto evidente en la histórica fachada fluvial e inconvenientes ecológicos que únicamente podrían resolverse con la recuperación de la corriente. Algunas cuestiones referentes a la planificación de los tramos más alejados permanecen abiertas. De otra parte, aunque la Solución Sur ha resuelto antiguos problemas hidráulicos, las afecciones territoriales, paisajísticas y ambientales no consideradas inicialmente por el megaproyecto exigirían la elaboración de un plan de integración.
Por lo general la interrelación Valencia-Turia no ha sido tratada de forma integral. Hasta el momento los estudios han adoptado un punto de vista sectorial, ya sea histórico (MELIÓ, 1991; ROSSELLÓ y ESTEBAN, 1999), urbano (TEIXIDOR, 1976), arquitectónico y paisajístico (LANZONI, 2006; RODRIGO, 2011; LLOPIS, 2010a), hidro-geomorfológico (CARMONA, 1990) o etnológico (MARCO BAIDAL, 1960). Quizá la propia complejidad de la Solución Sur ha evitado una reflexión conjunta al fragmentar físicamente la convivencia coevolutiva entre el medio fluvial y el urbano. Precisamente la perspectiva geográfica de esta investigación pretende atender a la superposición de estos dos sistemas (natural y social) enormemente dinámicos. Un primer contacto con el archivo técnico de la Confederación Hidrográfica del Júcar y variados materiales inéditos han permitido este enfoque argumental. El siguiente bloque detalla los planteamientos generales del trabajo y profundiza en el ámbito de estudio.
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