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Guillem Saiz, Javier
Saiz Sánchez, Carmen (dir.) Facultat de Medicina i Odontologia |
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Aquest document és un/a tesi, creat/da en: 2018 | |
Physical activity is considered to have a main role in the health of individuals of all ages. The beneficial effects of exercise in people’s physical and psychological health is more and more clear and its study has been approached in different professional fields, such as Medicine, Psychology and Physical Education. The OMS emphasize on the positive effects of physical activity when it comes to health and suggests for it to be part of a bigger approach that we could define as health promotion.
The aim of this study is to promote health through design, implementation and evaluation of an active ageing workshop in a non-institutionalized open area in a population older than 60. For this to happen we plan to learn the auto schemes in the origin of the concepts, develop and evaluate the influence of the activities that have been done in the workshop on the functional, cognitive, affectiv...
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Physical activity is considered to have a main role in the health of individuals of all ages. The beneficial effects of exercise in people’s physical and psychological health is more and more clear and its study has been approached in different professional fields, such as Medicine, Psychology and Physical Education. The OMS emphasize on the positive effects of physical activity when it comes to health and suggests for it to be part of a bigger approach that we could define as health promotion.
The aim of this study is to promote health through design, implementation and evaluation of an active ageing workshop in a non-institutionalized open area in a population older than 60. For this to happen we plan to learn the auto schemes in the origin of the concepts, develop and evaluate the influence of the activities that have been done in the workshop on the functional, cognitive, affective and quality of life spheres, and finally improve the programme by acknowledging the opinions, motivations and degree of satisfaction of the participants. We start off from a quasi-experimental design pretest–postest of a unique group with a sampling by convenience, non-probabilistic using a qualitative - quantitative methodology that will allow us to verify the relations established that have been studied.
The elaboration of work plans with the auto schemes show a result with a positive association between physical activity, health, welfare, positive feelings, and social interaction that has an impact not only on the motor physical aspect, but also in the cognitive and emotional aspects too, used to facilitate and orientate the adherence to the programme.The influence of the programme on the sphere includes an improvement on the Tinetti, Barthel, Lawton and Brody, SFT and Timed Get Up and Go tests. On the cognitive sphere the MMSE improves, and on the affective sphere, the Yesavage scale has obtained significant results, with an improvement of the participants reducing nearly a 70% the possible depressions. The family APGAR shows how people perceive the functional level of family unity, with a positive adaption. The lifestyle quality improvement is noticed by the Euroqol and the SF36; this suggests a better welfare, a bigger amount of resistance, autonomy and independence.
Finally, as a motivation and improvement of the programme, we have thought thoroughly and acquired a global and deep vision of the motivations of the participants, and we have acknowledged and studied their preferences, valuations, and contributions that we have always implemented in order to improve every day and try to overcome any problems and accomplish the main aims generating a playful, creative and participative environment, learning skills in physical condition that will be useful to people of any age.Se considera que la actividad física tiene un papel fundamental en la salud de los individuos en todas las edades. Los efectos beneficiosos del ejercicio sobre la salud, tanto físicos como psicológicos de las personas constituyen un hecho cada vez más evidente y su estudio se ha abordado desde distintos campos profesionales, encontrándose entre ellos la Medicina, la Psicología y la Educación Física.La OMS destaca los efectos positivos del ejercicio físico sobre la salud y propone que forme parte de un planteamiento más amplio que podríamos definir como promoción de la salud.
El objetivo de este estudio espromover la Salud a través del diseño, ejecución y evaluación de un taller de envejecimiento activo en ámbito abierto no institucionalizado en población mayor de 60 años, para ello planteamos conocer los autoesquemas en el origen de los conceptos, desarrollar y evaluar la influencia de las actividades llevadas a cabo en el taller sobre las esferas funcional, cognitiva, afectiva y de calidad de vida y por último mejorar el programa conociendo las opiniones, motivaciones y grado de satisfacción de los participantes. Se parte de un diseño de intervención pretestypostest de un solo grupo con muestreo por conveniencia, no probabilístico utilizando una metodología cualitativa-cuantitativa que nos permita verificar las relaciones de estudio planteadas.
Como resultados la elaboración de planes de trabajo con los autoesquemas muestra una asociación positiva entre actividad física, salud, bienestar, sentimientos positivos e interacción social que repercute no solo en el aspecto físico motor sino cognitivo y emocional con aplicación a facilitar y orientar la adherencia al programa.
La influencia del programa en la esfera funcional recoge una mejora en los test de Tinetti, Barthel, Lawton y Brody, SFT y Timed Get Up and Go Test. Sobre la esfera cognitiva mejoran el MMSE y sobre la esfera afectiva, la escala de Yesavage, ha obtenido resultados estadísticamente significativos con mejoría de los participantes reduciendo en casi un 70% los posibles estados anímicos depresivos. El APGAR familiar muestra cómo perciben las personas, el nivel de funcionamiento de la unidad familiar, con una buena adaptación La mejora en la calidad de vida es apreciada por el Euroqol 5D y el SF36 lo que sugiere un mayor bienestar, grado de resistencia y autonomía e independencia
Por último, como motivación y mejora del programa hemos reflexionado y adquirido una visión global y profunda de las motivaciones de los participantes y hemos podido conocer y estudiar sus preferencias, valoraciones y aportaciones que siempre hemos implementado para mejorar cada día e intentar superarnos y conseguir que los principales motivos se cumplan generando un ambiente lúdico, recreativo y participativo, aprendiendo habilidades en condición física útiles a cualquier edad
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