Medicine advances in a surprising way. Biolaw is affirmed at the confluence between law, medicine and ethics, and health is established as a fundamental right, as a projection of the principle of the dignity of the human person. Civil liability, of an originally pecuniary nature, individually and exclusively reparatory, starts to deal with existential goods, including metaindividual dimensions, prioritizing an ex ante prevention function, in the protection of the human personality. In the field of medical civil liability, the duty to protect and promote the best interests of the patient updates the discussion about the traditional precepts of the obligation to compensate: the renewal of the concept of unlawfulness; the resizing of the notion of guilt; the flexiblility of causality; the new limits of the damages and the very expansion of the objective imputation of indemnity, in the restoration of obligations of means and of result. And beyond the classic territory of private law, there is also a discussion about the aspects related to consumption by the masification of contractual relations involving hospitals, health plans and vulnerable patients, demanding jurisprudential and doctrinal constructions suitable for the optimal protection of the human person.