A little-known period in the life of Gonzalo Rodríguez Lafora consists of the time he spent in Valencia during the Spanish Civil War from 1936 until 1938. During the war, Valencia became the capital of the Republic, and many scientists and intellectuals found refuge there and could continue their work. Along with other evacuated intellectuals, Lafora participated in numerous scientific and academic activities organized by the Valencian House of Culture, where he had a dispute with Antonio Machado and other intellectuals due to its closing. We especially highlight his work as a psychiatrist in the Military War Hospital in Godella, where, under his direction, a neurological section was created, and where he would coincide with the psychiatrist José Sacristan and the neurologist Justo Gonzalo. The existing archived documentation about the hospital is scant, but thanks to publications from that time, especially the journals Madrid and Sanidad de Guerra, we were able to recover his work, which shows his interest in war psychiatry, especially war neuroses. His publications also reveal his concern about the future of psychiatry and university education in Spain. These academic interests and his relationship with the government of the Republic ¿collaborative, but disagreeing about some aspects¿ along with concern about his own personal future, would define his war experiences.