Mostra el registre complet de l'element
Cuevas Tena, María
Alegría Torán, Amparo (dir.); Lagarda Blanch, María Jesús (dir.) Departament de Medicina Preventiva i Salut Pública, Ciències de l'Alimentació, Toxicologia i Medicina Legal |
|
Aquest document és un/a tesi, creat/da en: 2018 | |
The addition of plant sterols (PS) to several foods is added due to its hypocholesterolemic effect, in order to “maintain normal blood cholesterol levels” and “prevention of cardiovascular diseases”. PS present low absorption (2-3%), while the absorption of cholesterol range between 30 and 60%. Unabsorbed sterols reach the colon and are transformed by the microbiota. The microbial biotransformation pathway of cholesterol to coprostanol, coprostanone and cholestanol is widely known. PS are also metabolized by the microbiota to phytostanones, phytostenones and phytostanols.
The objective of the present doctoral thesis is to evaluate the influence of colonic fermentation on dietary sterols and the impact of these on the intestinal microbiota through in vivo and/or in vitro studies.
A method to determination of sterols and its metabolites in feces by gas chromatography with mass spectrome...
[Llegir més ...]
[-]
The addition of plant sterols (PS) to several foods is added due to its hypocholesterolemic effect, in order to “maintain normal blood cholesterol levels” and “prevention of cardiovascular diseases”. PS present low absorption (2-3%), while the absorption of cholesterol range between 30 and 60%. Unabsorbed sterols reach the colon and are transformed by the microbiota. The microbial biotransformation pathway of cholesterol to coprostanol, coprostanone and cholestanol is widely known. PS are also metabolized by the microbiota to phytostanones, phytostenones and phytostanols.
The objective of the present doctoral thesis is to evaluate the influence of colonic fermentation on dietary sterols and the impact of these on the intestinal microbiota through in vivo and/or in vitro studies.
A method to determination of sterols and its metabolites in feces by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry is developed and validated. In vitro colonic fermentation assays are performed using high concentrations of PS in static and dynamic models (TIM-2). The impact of gut microbiota on sterol after the intake a PS-enriched milk based fruit beverage (2g/day) is studied through a randomized, double-blind crossover trial involving 40 postmenopausal women with moderate hypercholesterolemia, who ingest the beverage daily for 6 weeks.
The validated method shows good linearity (r >0.96), high sensitivity (LOD: 0.10-3.88 μg/g freeze-dry feces and LOQ: 0.34-12.94 μg/g), precision (intra and inter-day (RSD%) 0.9-9.2 and 2.1-11.3, respectively) and accuracy (80-119%).
In vivo and in vitro studies show that high concentrations of PS modify the biotransformation of sterols, since a reduction in the metabolism of animal sterols has been observed, mainly in the concentration of coprostanol. In addition, an increase in the microbial metabolism of PS, with an increase in colonic concentrations of ethylcoprostanol and ethylcoprostanone has been found. In the presence of high concentrations of PS, the production of short chain fatty acids is similar or in some cases greater than control, therefore the microbial metabolic activity of carbohydrates is not modified. The high concentrations of PS are correlated with a decrease in the proportion of species of Erysipelotrichaceae family and with an increase of Eubacterium hallii and species of the genus Catenibactrerium, Coprococcus and Clostridium. In addition, the production of methylcoprostanone are negatively correlated with the Clostridiales order, with the genera Peptostreptococcus and Methanobrevibacter, and positively with Bacteroides.La adición de esteroles vegetales (EV) está permitida a varios alimentos por su efecto hipocolesterolemiante, con el fin de “mantener normales los niveles de colesterol sanguíneo” y “prevención de patologías cardiovasculares”. Los EV presentan una baja absorción (2-3%), mientras que los del colesterol oscilan entre el 30 y el 60%. Los esteroles no absorbidos llegan al colon y son transformados por la microbiota. Es conocida la biotransformación microbiana del colesterol a coprostanol y en menor medida a coprostanona y colestanol. Los EV también son metabolizados por la microbiota a fitostanonas, fitostenonas y fitostanoles.
El objetivo de la presente tesis doctoral es evaluar la influencia de la fermentación colónica en los esteroles de la dieta y el impacto de estos sobre la microbiota intestinal mediante estudios in vivo y/o in vitro.
Se pone a punto y valida un método para la determinación de esteroles y sus metabolitos en heces por cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas. Se realizan ensayos de fermentación colónica in vitro aplicando altas concentraciones de EV a modelo estático y dinámico (TIM-2). Se estudia el impacto de la microbiota intestinal sobre los esteroles tras la ingesta de una bebida a base de zumo y leche enriquecida en EV (2g/día), mediante un estudio clínico aleatorizado, doble ciego y cruzado, en el que participan 40 voluntarias postmenopáusicas con hipercolesterolemia moderada que ingieren la bebida diariamente durante 6 semanas.
El método validado muestra una buena linealidad (r > 0,96), alta sensibilidad (LD: 0,10-3,88 µg/g heces liofilizadas y LC: 0,34-12,94 µg/g), precisión (intra e inter-día (CV%) 0,9-9,2 y 2,1-11,3, respectivamente) y exactitud (80-119%). Los estudios in vivo e in vitro muestran que, las concentraciones altas de EV modifican la biotransformación de los esteroles, ya que se ha observado una reducción en el metabolismo de los esteroles animales, principalmente en la concentración de coprostanol y un aumento en el metabolismo microbiano de los EV, observándose un aumento de las concentraciones colónicas de etilcoprostanol y etilcoprostanona. La producción de ácidos grasos de cadena corta, es similar o en algunos casos mayor a altas concentraciones de EV, no modificándose la actividad metabólica microbiana de los carbohidratos.
Los EV a concentraciones altas se correlacionan con una disminución de la proporción especies de la familia Erysipelotrichaceae y aumento de Eubacterium hallii y especies del género Catenibactrerium, Coprococcus y Clostridium. Además, la producción de metilcoprostanona se correlaciona negativamente con el orden Clostridiales, con los géneros Peptostreptococcus y Methanobrevibacter y positivamente con Bacteroides.
|
|
Veure al catàleg Trobes |