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García Moscardó, Ester
Millán García-Varela, Jesús (dir.); Romeo Mateo, María Cruz (dir.) Departament de Història Contemporània |
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Aquest document és un/a tesi, creat/da en: 2019 | |
The aim of this doctoral thesis is to analyse the trajectory of republican democracy in the second half of the 19th century from the experience of the federal writer Roque Barcia Martí (Seville, 1821 - Madrid, 1885). A poet, traveller and writer in his youth, he began to stand out as an outstanding figure of republicanism in the Progressive Biennium. Throughout his turbulent public life he was a prolific author, propagandist, revolutionary, exiled, deputy to the Spanish Parliament in 1869, 1871 and 1873, senator in 1872 and head of the Canton of Cartagena. The possibilities that a vital, professional and political development such as his crystallized in the central decades of the nineteenth century has to do both with the articulation of the liberal public sphere, within the framework of the construction of the post-revolutionary nation-state, as with its link to republican democracy si...
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The aim of this doctoral thesis is to analyse the trajectory of republican democracy in the second half of the 19th century from the experience of the federal writer Roque Barcia Martí (Seville, 1821 - Madrid, 1885). A poet, traveller and writer in his youth, he began to stand out as an outstanding figure of republicanism in the Progressive Biennium. Throughout his turbulent public life he was a prolific author, propagandist, revolutionary, exiled, deputy to the Spanish Parliament in 1869, 1871 and 1873, senator in 1872 and head of the Canton of Cartagena. The possibilities that a vital, professional and political development such as his crystallized in the central decades of the nineteenth century has to do both with the articulation of the liberal public sphere, within the framework of the construction of the post-revolutionary nation-state, as with its link to republican democracy since the Progressive Biennium. Its conversion to republican and federal democracy meant its integration into an opposition political culture, but capable of challenging the political and social conceptions of hegemonic liberalism in contexts of systemic crisis. From the spring of 1855, his identification as a Republican public writer fixed in his imagination his way of thinking both the position from which he spoke and the sense of his providential mission. He emphasizes the weight of the religious element in his arguments, although his religious-political theories propose a univocal and essentialist solution to the problem of human government that poses serious limitations with respect to pluralism. Barcia's rise as a radically anti-monarchical and anticlerical, but evangelical propagandist ran parallel to the extension of republicanism in the years of the final crisis of the Elizabethan monarchy. With the federal explosion of the Democratic Sexennium, his figure reached an enormous size, although his success as a writer contrasts with his scarce capacity for practical politics. Among the keys to his success is the effectiveness of his particular style (biblical and passionate, ruthless and sentimental, declamatory and repetitive) and, above all, his effectiveness in building his public image as an evangelist of the people. It is an operation that cannot be understood without taking into account Barcia's capacity to share with the public his pains and emotions. Instigator of the cantonal escalation of the summer of 1873, the accidental cancellation of the federal constituent stage meant his political downfall and the end of his career as a public writer. The study of republican political culture from Roque Barcia's biography offers very useful analytical perspectives to study both the concepts of democracy that were articulated in the mid-nineteenth century in Spain and the type of leaderships that were confronted in the framework of the First Republic, as well as to observe the possibilities of democratization of the liberal system and its difficulties of affirmation in practice. From a broader perspective, his biography contributes elements of complexity to the study of the nineteenth century that allow us to transcend the linear and teleological readings that, even today, are at the base of some interpretations of the Spanish nineteenth century.Esta Tesis doctoral tiene como objeto analizar la trayectoria de la democracia republicana en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX desde la experiencia del escritor federal Roque Barcia Martí (Sevilla, 1821 – Madrid, 1885). Poeta, viajero y literato en su juventud, empezó a despuntar como figura destacada del republicanismo en el Bienio Progresista. A lo largo de su agitada vida pública fue autor prolífico, propagandista, revolucionario, exiliado, diputado a Cortes en 1869, 1871 y 1873, senador en 1872 y cabecilla del Cantón de Cartagena. Las posibilidades de que un desarrollo vital, profesional y político como el suyo cristalizara en las décadas centrales del siglo XIX tiene que ver tanto con la articulación de la esfera pública liberal, en el marco de la construcción del Estado-nación postrevolucionario, como con su vinculación a la democracia republicana desde el Bienio Progresista. Su conversión a la democracia republicana y federal supuso su integración en una cultura política de oposición, pero capaz de desafiar las concepciones políticas y sociales del liberalismo hegemónico en contextos de crisis del sistema. Desde la primavera de 1855, su identificación como escritor público republicano fijó en su imaginación su forma de pensar tanto la posición desde la que hablaba como el sentido de su misión providencial. Destaca el peso del elemento religioso en sus argumentos, si bien sus teorías religioso-políticas proponen una solución unívoca y esencialista al problema del gobierno humano que plantea serias limitaciones respecto al pluralismo. El auge de Barcia como propagandista radicalmente antimonárquico y anticlerical, pero evangélico, corrió en paralelo a la extensión del republicanismo en los años de la crisis final de la monarquía isabelina. Con la explosión federal del Sexenio Democrático su figura alcanzó una dimesión enorme, si bien su éxito como escritor contrasta con su escasa capacidad para la política práctica. Entre las claves de su éxito, se puede señalar el efectismo de su particular estilo (bíblico y apasionado, despiadado y sentimental, declamatorio y reiterativo) y, sobre todo, su eficacia a la hora de construir su imagen pública como evangelista del pueblo. Es una operación que no se puede entender sin tener en cuenta la capacidad de Barcia para compartir con el público sus dolores y emociones. Instigador de la escalada cantonal del verano de 1873, la accidentada cancelación de la etapa constituyente federal supuso su caída política y el final de su carrera como escritor público. El estudio de la cultura política republicana desde la biografía de Roque Barcia ofrece perspectivas de análisis muy útiles para estudiar tanto los conceptos de democracia que se articularon a mediados del siglo XIX en España como el tipo de liderazgos que se confrontaron en el marco de la I República, así como para observar las posibilidades de democratización del sistema liberal y sus dificultades de afirmación en la práctica. Desde una perspectiva más amplia, su biografía aporta elementos de complejidad al estudio del Ochocientos que permiten trascender las lecturas lineales y teleológicas que, aún en la actualidad, se encuentran en la base de algunas interpretaciones del siglo XIX español.
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