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Coarse-mode mineral dust size distributions, composition and optical properties from AER-D aircraft measurements over the tropical eastern Atlantic

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Coarse-mode mineral dust size distributions, composition and optical properties from AER-D aircraft measurements over the tropical eastern Atlantic

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dc.contributor.author	Ryder, Claire
dc.contributor.author	Marenco, Franco
dc.contributor.author	Brooke, Jennifer
dc.contributor.author	Estellés Leal, Víctor
dc.contributor.author	Cotton, Richard
dc.contributor.author	Formenti, Paola
dc.contributor.author	McQuaid, James B.
dc.contributor.author	Price, Hannah C.
dc.contributor.author	Liu, Dantong
dc.contributor.author	Ausset, Patrick
dc.contributor.author	Rosenberg, Phil D.
dc.contributor.author	Taylor, Jonathan W.
dc.contributor.author	Choularton, Tom W.
dc.contributor.author	Bower, Keith N.
dc.contributor.author	Coe, Hugh
dc.contributor.author	Gallagher, Martin
dc.contributor.author	Crosier, Jonathan
dc.contributor.author	Lloyd, Gary
dc.contributor.author	Highwood, Eleanor J.
dc.contributor.author	Murray, Benjamin J.
dc.date.accessioned	2019-04-10T14:41:02Z
dc.date.available	2019-04-10T14:41:02Z
dc.date.issued	2018
dc.identifier.citation	Ryder, Claire Marenco, Franco Brooke, Jennifer Estellés Leal, Víctor Cotton, Richard Formenti, Paola McQuaid, James B. Price, Hannah C. Liu, Dantong Ausset, Patrick Rosenberg, Phil D. Taylor, Jonathan W. Choularton, Tom W. Bower, Keith N. Coe, Hugh Gallagher, Martin Crosier, Jonathan Lloyd, Gary Highwood, Eleanor J. Murray, Benjamin J. 2018 Coarse-mode mineral dust size distributions, composition and optical properties from AER-D aircraft measurements over the tropical eastern Atlantic Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18 17225 17257
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10550/69839
dc.description.abstract	Mineral dust is an important component of the climate system, affecting the radiation balance, cloud properties, biogeochemical cycles, regional circulation and precipitation, as well as having negative effects on aviation, solar energy generation and human health. Dust size and composition has an impact on all these processes. However, changes in dust size distribution and composition during transport, particularly for coarse particles, are poorly understood and poorly represented in climate models. Here we present new in situ airborne observations of dust in the Saharan Air Layer (SAL) and the marine boundary layer (MBL) at the beginning of its transatlantic transport pathway, from the AERosol Properties - Dust (AER-D) fieldwork in August 2015, within the peak season of North African dust export. This study focuses on coarse-mode dust properties, including size distribution, mass loading, shape, composition, refractive indices and optical properties. Size distributions from 0.1 to 100 µm diameter (d) are presented, fully incorporating the coarse and giant modes of dust. Within the MBL, mean effective diameter (deff) and volume median diameter (VMD) were 4.6 and 6.0 µm respectively, giant particles with a mode at 20-30 µm were observed, and composition was dominated by quartz and alumino-silicates at d > 1 µm. Within the SAL, particles larger than 20 µm diameter were always present up to 5 km altitude, in concentrations over 10−5 cm−3, constituting up to 40 % of total dust mass. Mean deff and VMD were 4.0 and 5.5 µm respectively. Larger particles were detected in the SAL than can be explained by sedimentation theory alone. Coarse-mode composition was dominated by quartz and alumino-silicates; the accumulation mode showed a strong contribution from sulfate-rich and sea salt particles. In the SAL, measured single scattering albedos (SSAs) at 550 nm representing d < 2.5 µm were 0.93 to 0.98 (mean 0.97). Optical properties calculated for the full size distribution (0.1 < d < 100 µm) resulted in lower SSAs of 0.91-0.98 (mean 0.95) and mass extinction coefficients of 0.27-0.35 m2 g−1 (mean 0.32 m2 g−1). Variability in SSA was mainly controlled by variability in dust composition (principally iron) rather than by variations in the size distribution, in contrast with previous observations over the Sahara where size is the dominant influence. It is important that models are able to capture the variability and evolution of both dust composition and size distribution with transport in order to accurately represent the impacts of dust on climate. These results provide a new SAL dust dataset, fully representing coarse and giant particles, to aid model validation and development.
dc.language.iso	eng
dc.relation.ispartof	Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2018, num. 18, p. 17225-17257
dc.subject	Termodinàmica atmosfèrica
dc.title	Coarse-mode mineral dust size distributions, composition and optical properties from AER-D aircraft measurements over the tropical eastern Atlantic
dc.type	journal article	es_ES
dc.date.updated	2019-04-10T14:41:02Z
dc.identifier.doi	10.5194/acp-18-17225-2018
dc.identifier.idgrec	126886
dc.rights.accessRights	open access	es_ES