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An overview of and issues with sky radiometer technology and SKYNET

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An overview of and issues with sky radiometer technology and SKYNET

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dc.contributor.author	Nakajima, T.
dc.contributor.author	Campanelli, M.
dc.contributor.author	Che, Huizheng
dc.contributor.author	Estellés Leal, Víctor
dc.contributor.author	Irie, Hitoshi
dc.contributor.author	Kim, Sang-Woo
dc.contributor.author	Kim, Jhoon
dc.contributor.author	Liu, Dong
dc.contributor.author	Nishizawa, Tomoaki
dc.contributor.author	Pandithurai, Govindan
dc.contributor.author	Soni, V. Kumar
dc.contributor.author	Thana, Boossarasiri
dc.contributor.author	Tugjsurn, Nas-Urt
dc.contributor.author	Aoki, Kazuma
dc.contributor.author	Go, Sujung
dc.contributor.author	Hashimoto, Makiko
dc.contributor.author	Higurashi, Akiko
dc.contributor.author	Kazadzis, Stelios
dc.contributor.author	Khatri, P.
dc.contributor.author	Kouremeti, Natalia
dc.contributor.author	Kudo, Rei
dc.contributor.author	Marenco, Franco
dc.contributor.author	Momoi, Masahiro
dc.contributor.author	Ningombam, Shantikumar S.
dc.contributor.author	Ryder, Claire
dc.contributor.author	Uchiyama, A.
dc.contributor.author	Yamazaki, Akihiro
dc.date.accessioned	2021-03-09T15:07:59Z
dc.date.available	2021-03-09T15:07:59Z
dc.date.issued	2020
dc.identifier.citation	Nakajima, T. Campanelli, M. Che, Huizheng Estellés Leal, Víctor Irie, Hitoshi Kim, Sang-Woo Kim, Jhoon Liu, Dong Nishizawa, Tomoaki Pandithurai, Govindan Soni, V. Kumar Thana, Boossarasiri Tugjsurn, Nas-Urt Aoki, Kazuma Go, Sujung Hashimoto, Makiko Higurashi, Akiko Kazadzis, Stelios Khatri, P. Kouremeti, Natalia Kudo, Rei Marenco, Franco Momoi, Masahiro Ningombam, Shantikumar S. Ryder, Claire Uchiyama, A. Yamazaki, Akihiro 2020 An overview of and issues with sky radiometer technology and SKYNET Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 13 8 4195 4218
dc.identifier.uri	https://hdl.handle.net/10550/78215
dc.description.abstract	This paper is an overview of the progress in sky radiometer technology and the development of the network called SKYNET. It is found that the technology has produced useful on-site calibration methods, retrieval algorithms, and data analyses from sky radiometer observations of aerosol, cloud, water vapor, and ozone. A formula was proposed for estimating the accuracy of the sky radiometer calibration constant F0 using the improved Langley (IL) method, which was found to be a good approximation to observed monthly mean uncertainty in F0, around 0.5 % to 2.4 % at the Tokyo and Rome sites and smaller values of around 0.3 % to 0.5 % at the mountain sites at Mt. Saraswati and Davos. A new cross IL (XIL) method was also developed to correct an underestimation by the IL method in cases with large aerosol retrieval errors. The root-mean-square difference (RMSD) in aerosol optical thickness (AOT) comparisons with other networks took values of less than 0.02 for λ≥500 nm and a larger value of about 0.03 for shorter wavelengths in city areas and smaller values of less than 0.01 in mountain comparisons. Accuracies of single-scattering albedo (SSA) and size distribution retrievals are affected by the propagation of errors in measurement, calibrations for direct solar and diffuse sky radiation, ground albedo, cloud screening, and the version of the analysis software called the Skyrad pack. SSA values from SKYNET were up to 0.07 larger than those from AERONET, and the major error sources were identified as an underestimation of solid viewing angle (SVA) and cloud contamination. Correction of these known error factors reduced the SSA difference to less than 0.03. Retrievals of other atmospheric constituents by the sky radiometer were also reviewed. Retrieval accuracies were found to be about 0.2 cm for precipitable water vapor amount and 13 DU (Dobson Unit) for column ozone amount. Retrieved cloud optical properties still showed large deviations from validation data, suggesting a need to study the causes of the differences. It is important that these recent studies on improvements presented in the present paper are introduced into the existing operational systems and future systems of the International SKYNET Data Center.
dc.language.iso	eng
dc.relation.ispartof	Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 2020, vol. 13, num. 8, p. 4195-4218
dc.subject	Atmosfera
dc.subject	Aerosols
dc.title	An overview of and issues with sky radiometer technology and SKYNET
dc.type	journal article	es_ES
dc.date.updated	2021-03-09T15:08:00Z
dc.identifier.doi	10.5194/amt-13-4195-2020
dc.identifier.idgrec	143763
dc.rights.accessRights	open access	es_ES