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Moreno Segura, Noemí
Pérez Alenda, Sofía (dir.); Marqués Sulé, Elena (dir.); Aguilar Rodríguez, Marta (dir.) Departament de Fisioteràpia |
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Aquest document és un/a tesi, creat/da en: 2021 | |
More than half of people with severe hemophilia (PCH) and severe arthropathy suffer from chronic pain and this affects their functionality, quality of life and kinesiophobia. This, in turn, influences the psychological and emotional well-being of the patient, which in turn can worsen their physical condition, leading to a vicious cycle. Although this is a problem, there are no specific treatments for the management of this condition. Therefore, the objective of this thesis is to evaluate the effects of a combined protocol of physiotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) administered by a physiotherapist and a psychologist respectively in severe PCH, arthropathy and chronic pain, as well as the long-term effects of the same.
In this prospective clinical trial, the patients were divided into an experimental group (EG, n = 10) and a control group (CG, n = 9). EG patients underwent ...
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More than half of people with severe hemophilia (PCH) and severe arthropathy suffer from chronic pain and this affects their functionality, quality of life and kinesiophobia. This, in turn, influences the psychological and emotional well-being of the patient, which in turn can worsen their physical condition, leading to a vicious cycle. Although this is a problem, there are no specific treatments for the management of this condition. Therefore, the objective of this thesis is to evaluate the effects of a combined protocol of physiotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) administered by a physiotherapist and a psychologist respectively in severe PCH, arthropathy and chronic pain, as well as the long-term effects of the same.
In this prospective clinical trial, the patients were divided into an experimental group (EG, n = 10) and a control group (CG, n = 9). EG patients underwent a 4-month intervention of home therapeutic exercise based on walking, strengthening with elastic bands and stretching (3 times / week) and CBT (1 time / month). For its part, the CG carried out its usual routine without starting any new program for the duration of the study. Self-efficacy in chronic pain (Chronic Pain Self-efficacy Scale), emotional state (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), self-esteem (Rosemberg Self-Esteem Scale), pain (Numerical Rating Score), kinesiophobia (Tampa Scale Kinesiophobia), functionality (List of Activities for people with Hemophilia, Timed Up and Go Test, Sit to Stand Test and 2-minute walk test), quality of life (A36 Hemophilia-QoL) and joint status (Haemophilia Joint Health Score 2.1), were measured in 3 times, in their baseline state, at the end of the program and 3 months after completion. The effects of the intervention were determined with a mixed two-factor ANOVA.
After data collection and subsequent statistical analysis, the findings showed that the EG presented significant improvements (p <0.05) in the score of the following variables: total self-efficacy, self-efficacy in the management of chronic pain, self-efficacy in the control of symptoms, self-esteem, current pain, kinesiophobia, quality of life and each of its dimensions. The effects of the intervention remained significant after 3 months for the variables of total self-efficacy, self-efficacy in the management of chronic pain, kinesiophobia and quality of life.
In conclusion, the combined protocol of therapeutic exercise and CBT, applied to severe PCH, arthropathy, and chronic pain, is effective in improving self-efficacy in chronic pain, self-esteem, current pain, kinesiophobia, and quality of life. On the other hand, this program has not been effective in improving the emotional state, functionality and joint health of the participants. Furthermore, the benefits of the combined physiotherapy and CBT protocol on self-efficacy in the management of chronic pain, kinesiophobia and quality of life were maintained three months after the intervention.Más de la mitad de las personas con hemofilia (PCH) grave y artropatía severa sufren dolor crónico y éste repercute sobre su funcionalidad, calidad de vida y kinesiofobia. Esto, a su vez, influye en el bienestar psicológico y emocional del paciente lo que puede empeorar a su vez su condición física dando lugar a un círculo vicioso. Aunque esto es un problema, no existen tratamientos específicos para el manejo de esta condición. Por ello, el objetivo de esta tesis es evaluar los efectos de un protocolo combinado de fisioterapia y terapia cognitivo conductual (TCC) administrados por un fisioterapeuta y un psicólogo respectivamente en PCH severa, artropatía y dolor crónico, así como los efectos a largo plazo de la misma.
En este ensayo clínico prospectivo, los pacientes se distribuyeron en grupo experimental (GE, n=10) y grupo control (GC, n=9). Los pacientes del GE realizaron una intervención de 4 meses de ejercicio terapéutico domiciliario basado en caminatas, fortalecimiento con bandas elásticas y estiramientos (3 veces/semana) y TCC (1 vez/mes). Por su parte, el GC llevó a cabo su rutina habitual sin iniciar ningún programa nuevo durante la duración del estudio. La autoeficacia en el dolor crónico (Escala de Autoeficacia del Dolor Crónico), el estado emocional (Escala Hospitalaria de Ansiedad y Depresión), la autoestima (Escala de Autoestima de Rosemberg), el dolor (Numerical Rating Score), la kinesiofobia (Tampa Scale de Kinesiofobia), la funcionalidad (Lista de Actividades para personas con Hemofilia, Test Timed Up and Go, Sit to Stand Test y Test de 2-minutos marcha), la calidad de vida (A36 Hemofilia-QoL) y el estado articular (Haemophilia Joint Health Score 2.1), fueron medidos en 3 tiempos, en su estado basal, al finalizar el programa y 3 meses tras la finalización. Los efectos de la intervención se determinaron con un ANOVA mixto de dos factores.
Tras la recogida de datos y el posterior análisis estadístico los hallazgos mostraron que el GE presentó mejoras significativas (p<0,05) en la puntuación de las siguientes variables: autoeficacia total, autoeficacia en el manejo del dolor crónico, autoeficacia en el control de los síntomas, autoestima, dolor actual, kinesiofobia, calidad de vida y cada una de sus dimensiones. Los efectos de la intervención se mantuvieron significativos tras 3 meses para las variables de autoeficacia total, autoeficacia en el manejo del dolor crónico, kinesiofobia y calidad de vida.
En conclusión, el protocolo combinado de ejercicio terapéutico y TCC, aplicado sobre PCH severa, artropatía y dolor crónico, es eficaz en la mejora de la autoeficacia en el dolor crónico, la autoestima, el dolor actual, la kinesiofobia y la calidad de vida. En cambio, este programa, no ha sido efectivo en la mejora del estado emocional, la funcionalidad y la salud articular de los participantes. Además, los beneficios del protocolo combinado de fisioterapia y TCC sobre la autoeficacia en el manejo del dolor crónico, la kinesiofobia y la calidad de vida se mantuvieron tres meses tras la intervención.
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