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Devesa Peiró, Almudena
Díaz Gimeno, Patricia (dir.); Pellicer Martínez, Antonio (dir.); Garrido Puchalt, Nicolás (dir.) Departament de Pediatria, Obstetrícia i Ginecologia |
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Aquest document és un/a tesi, creat/da en: 2021 | |
The human endometrium is a highly dynamic and complex tissue that only becomes receptive to the embryo during a short period of time. Therefore, identifying pathologies and factors that prevent the endometrium from acquiring its receptive phenotype is crucial to prevent implantation failure and increase pregnancy rates. Uterine disorders are complex, polygenic, and multifactorial alterations that often compromise female fertility, although their effects on endometrial receptivity are poorly understood. In addition to many of them currently lacking effective treatments, they are often comorbid and their incidence increases with age. Transcriptomic technologies are powerful tools to provide some insight into these topics. However, remaining problems include the poor overlap of results of different transcriptomic studies evaluating the same uterine disorder, and the lack of gene expression...
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The human endometrium is a highly dynamic and complex tissue that only becomes receptive to the embryo during a short period of time. Therefore, identifying pathologies and factors that prevent the endometrium from acquiring its receptive phenotype is crucial to prevent implantation failure and increase pregnancy rates. Uterine disorders are complex, polygenic, and multifactorial alterations that often compromise female fertility, although their effects on endometrial receptivity are poorly understood. In addition to many of them currently lacking effective treatments, they are often comorbid and their incidence increases with age. Transcriptomic technologies are powerful tools to provide some insight into these topics. However, remaining problems include the poor overlap of results of different transcriptomic studies evaluating the same uterine disorder, and the lack of gene expression studies comparing functional alterations in endometrium amongst uterine disorders or exploring the effect of age on endometrial gene expression and function and its relationship with an increased incidence of uterine disorders. To this end, the main aim of this PhD thesis dissertation was to identify and compare the molecular mechanisms underlying distinct uterine disorders and factors (e.g. age) and its comorbidities at a functional level, as well as determine how they may affect subfertility of endometrial origin. To achieve this, different functional genomic approaches were applied to case versus control transcriptomic data from studies evaluating the endometrium of patients of different ages and/or affected by uterine disorders. Dysregulated functions relevant to endometrial receptivity acquisition were identified in patients diagnosed with endometriosis, endometrial adenocarcinoma, recurrent implantation failure, recurrent pregnancy loss, and in the endometrium of women older than 35 years. These results revealed new molecules and functions altered in the endometrium of patients affected by uterine disorders and with age. Moreover, they gave rise to new guidelines for endometrial biomarker discovery, confirmed previous hypothesis and generated new hypotheses relevant for the reproductive medicine field, giving insight into how uterine disorders and age affect fertility and are related to one another through the dysregulation of ciliary processes and the cell cycle. Taken together, this work provides further knowledge of the molecular mechanisms by which uterine disorders and age affect endometrial gene function and fertility, and how these conditions are related to each other. The results obtained in this PhD thesis dissertation reinforce the need for endometrial evaluation of patients diagnosed with uterine disorders and/or older than 35 years during in vitro fertilization treatments to prevent implantation failure, being relevant for the future development of personalized diagnostic and treatment methods that will improve the reproductive outcomes of these patients.El endometrio humano es un tejido dinámico y complejo que solo es receptivo al embrión durante un corto periodo de tiempo. Por lo tanto, la identificación de trastornos y factores que impidan que el endometrio adquiera un fenotipo receptivo es crucial para poder prevenir fallos de implantación embrionaria y aumentar las tasas de embarazo. Los trastornos uterinos son complejos, multifactoriales y poligénicos y a menudo comprometen la fertilidad femenina, aunque se desconoce con exactitud cómo afectan a la adquisición de la receptividad endometrial. Además, estos trastornos carecen actualmente de un tratamiento efectivo, a menudo presentan comorbilidad entre ellos y su incidencia aumenta con la edad. Las tecnologías transcriptómicas de alto rendimiento son herramientas útiles para evaluar estos problemas. Sin embargo, los resultados de estudios transcriptómicos que evalúan el mismo trastorno uterino no son reproducibles, no habiendo ningún estudio de expression génica que compare las alteraciones funcionales en el endometrio de pacientes con distintos trastornos uterinos o que explore los mecanismos moleculares por los que la edad afecta a la función endometrial y está relacionada con una mayor incidencia de estos trastornos. Por lo tanto, el objetivo principal de la presente tesis doctoral es identificar y comparar a nivel funcional los mecanismos moleculares que subyacen a distintos trastornos uterinos y factores (e.g. la edad) y a sus comorbilidades, determinando cómo podrían afectar a la subfertilidad asociada al factor endometrial. Para ello, se emplearon varias aproximaciones de genómica funcional en estudios transcriptómicos de tipo caso versus control que evaluaban el endometrio de mujeres de distintas edades y/o afectadas por trastornos uterinos. Se detectaron alteraciones funciones relevantes para la receptividad endometrial en pacientes diagnosticadas con endometriosis, adenocarcinoma endometrial, fallo de implantación recurrente y aborto de repetición, así como en el endometrio de mujeres mayores de 35 años. Los resultados obtenidos identificaron nuevas moléculas y funciones alteradas en el endometrio de pacientes con trastornos uterinos y con la edad. Además, dieron lugar a nuevas guías metodológicas para el descubrimiento de biomarcadores endometriales y permitieron reforzar hipótesis previas y generar nuevas hipótesis relevantes en el campo de la medicina reproductiva, especialmente acerca de cómo los trastornos uterinos y la edad afectan a la fertilidad y están relacionados a través de la alteración de los procesos ciliares y el ciclo celular. Por ello, la presente tesis doctoral proporciona un mayor entendimiento sobre los mecanismos moleculares por los que los trastornos uterinos y la edad afectan a la función génica endometrial y a la fertilidad femenina, y acerca de cómo estas condiciones están relacionadas entre sí. Todos estos hallazgos refuerzan la necesidad de evaluar el factor endometrial en pacientes diagnosticadas con trastornos uterinos y/o mayores de 35 años durante los tratamientos de fecundación in vitro para poder prevenir fallos de implantación, siendo relevantes para el futuro desarrollo de métodos diagnósticos y tratamientos personalizados que mejorarán los resultados reproductivos de estas pacientes.
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