Guianese culture and traditional music, here evoked, are various. It is more a transcultural process that, along centuries, gave an original result born in the Americas, in Guiana in this case. It is a form of refoundation, of recreation of cultures and new human beings generally called Creoles. The musical performance, that I study here, is the echo of social and cultural space of this reformulation of thought, life, and conception of the world. It is, as well, a mean of transposition and transformation of the values issued of diverse sources and categories. It is in no way a second-rate cultural practice, as it is the place where were born philosophies and actions for common life as well as for individual life. This organization of the musical experience requires several levels of readings to better understand the underlying performance that is the issue discussed here. What is then the subject of the musical performance in French Guianese traditional society? What are the implementation techniques and the intrinsic forms of knowledge? What is the creation process and for what goal? Without a doubt, questions arising from this issue are still numerous and varied. And the answers one can give are just as numerous. The few basic questions mentioned above are a theme for the reflection conducted here by the author on traditional music of French Guiana.