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Recombinant Noroviruses Circulating in Spain from 2016 to 2020 and Proposal of Two Novel Genotypes within Genogroup I

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Recombinant Noroviruses Circulating in Spain from 2016 to 2020 and Proposal of Two Novel Genotypes within Genogroup I

dc.contributor.author	Navarro Lleó, Noemí
dc.contributor.author	Santiso Bellón, Cristina
dc.contributor.author	Vila Vicent, Susana
dc.contributor.author	Carmona Vicente, Noelia
dc.contributor.author	Gozalbo Rovira, Roberto Vicente
dc.contributor.author	Cárcamo-Calvo, Roberto
dc.contributor.author	Rodríguez Díaz, Jesús
dc.contributor.author	Buesa Gómez, Javier
dc.date.accessioned	2022-10-04T17:01:16Z
dc.date.available	2022-10-04T17:01:16Z
dc.date.issued	2022
dc.identifier.citation	Navarro Lleó, Noemí Santiso Bellón, Cristina Vila Vicent, Susana Carmona Vicente, Noelia Gozalbo Rovira, Roberto Vicente Cárcamo-Calvo, Roberto Rodríguez Díaz, Jesús Buesa Gómez, Javier 2022 Recombinant Noroviruses Circulating in Spain from 2016 to 2020 and Proposal of Two Novel Genotypes within Genogroup I Microbiology Spectrum 10 4 e02505-21
dc.identifier.uri	https://hdl.handle.net/10550/84114
dc.description.abstract	Noroviruses are the leading cause of sporadic cases and outbreaks of viral gastroenteritis. For more than 20 years, most norovirus infections have been caused by the pandemic genotype GII.4, yet recent studies have reported the emergence of recombinant strains in many countries. In the present study, 4,950 stool samples collected between January 2016 and April 2020 in Valencia, Spain, from patients with acute gastroenteritis were analyzed to investigate the etiological agent. Norovirus was the most frequently detected enteric virus, with a positivity rate of 9.5% (471/4,950). Among 224 norovirus strains characterized, 175 belonged to genogroup II (GII) and 49 belonged to GI. Using dual genotyping based on sequencing of the open reading frame 1 (ORF1)/ORF2 junction region, we detected 25 different capsid-polymerase-type associations. The most common GII capsid genotype was GII.4 Sydney 2012, followed by GII.2, GII.3, GII.6, and GII.17. A high prevalence of recombinant strains (90.4%) was observed among GII infections between 2018 and 2020. GII.4 Sydney[P16] was the predominant genotype from 2019 to 2020. In addition, GII.P16 polymerase was found harbored within six different capsid genes. GI.4 and GI.3 were the predominant genotypes in genogroup I, in which recombinant strains were also found, such as GI.3[P10], GI.3[P13], and GI.5[P4]. Interestingly, applying the criterion of 2 times the standard deviation, we found that 12 sequences initially classified as GI.3 may represent two new tentative genotypes in genogroup I, designated GI.10 and GI.11. This study shows the extensive diversity of recombinant noroviruses circulating in Spain and highlights the role of recombination events in the spread of noroviruses.
dc.language.iso	eng
dc.relation.ispartof	Microbiology Spectrum, 2022, vol. 10, num. 4, p. e02505-21
dc.subject	Virus RNA
dc.subject	Infecció
dc.subject	Microbiologia
dc.title	Recombinant Noroviruses Circulating in Spain from 2016 to 2020 and Proposal of Two Novel Genotypes within Genogroup I
dc.type	journal article	es_ES
dc.date.updated	2022-10-04T17:01:16Z
dc.identifier.doi	10.1128/spectrum.02505-21
dc.identifier.idgrec	154822
dc.rights.accessRights	open access	es_ES