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The role of histo-blood group antigens and microbiota in human norovirus replication in zebrafish larvae

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The role of histo-blood group antigens and microbiota in human norovirus replication in zebrafish larvae

dc.contributor.author	Cuvry, Arno
dc.contributor.author	Gozalbo Rovira, Roberto Vicente
dc.contributor.author	Strubbe, Dufie
dc.contributor.author	Neyts, Johan
dc.contributor.author	de Witte, Peter
dc.contributor.author	Rodríguez Díaz, Jesús
dc.contributor.author	Rocha Pereira, Joana
dc.date.accessioned	2023-04-19T16:45:02Z
dc.date.available	2023-04-19T16:45:02Z
dc.date.issued	2022
dc.identifier.citation	Cuvry, Arno Gozalbo Rovira, Roberto Vicente Strubbe, Dufie Neyts, Johan de Witte, Peter Rodríguez Díaz, Jesús Rocha Pereira, Joana 2022 The role of histo-blood group antigens and microbiota in human norovirus replication in zebrafish larvae Microbiology Spectrum 10 6 e0315722
dc.identifier.uri	https://hdl.handle.net/10550/86118
dc.description.abstract	Human norovirus (HuNoV) is the major agent for viral gastroenteritis, causing >700 million infections yearly. Fucose-containing carbohydrates named histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) are known (co)receptors for HuNoV. Moreover, bacteria of the gut microbiota expressing HBGA-like structures have shown an enhancing effect on HuNoV replication in an in vitro model. Here, we studied the role of HBGAs and the host microbiota during HuNoV infection in zebrafish larvae. Using whole-mount immunohistochemistry, we visualized the fucose expression in the zebrafish gut for the HBGA Lewis X [LeX, α(1,3)-fucose] and core fucose [α(1,6)-fucose]. Costaining of HuNoV-infected larvae proved colocalization of LeX and to a lower extent core fucose with the viral capsid protein VP1, indicating the presence of fucose residues on infected cells. Upon blocking of fucose expression by a fluorinated fucose analogue, HuNoV replication was strongly reduced. Furthermore, by comparing HuNoV replication in conventional and germfree zebrafish larvae, we found that the natural zebrafish microbiome does not have an effect on HuNoV replication, contrary to earlier reports about the human gut microbiome. Interestingly, monoassociation with the HBGA-expressing Enterobacter cloacae resulted in a minor decrease in HuNoV replication, which was not triggered by a stronger innate immune response. Overall, we show here that fucose has an essential role for HuNoV infection in zebrafish larvae, as in the human host, but their natural gut microbiome does not affect viral replication. IMPORTANCE Despite causing over 700 million infections yearly, many gaps remain in the knowledge of human norovirus (HuNoV) biology due to an historical lack of efficient cultivation systems. Fucose-containing carbohydrate structures, named histo-blood group antigens, are known to be important (co)receptors for viral entry in humans, while the natural gut microbiota is suggested to enhance viral replication. This study shows a conserved mechanism of entry for HuNoV in the novel zebrafish infection model, highlighting the pivotal opportunity this model represents to study entry mechanisms and identify the cellular receptor of HuNoV. Our results shed light on the interaction of HuNoV with the zebrafish microbiota, contributing to the understanding of the interplay between gut microbiota and enteric viruses. The ease of generating germfree animals that can be colonized with human gut bacteria is an additional advantage of using zebrafish larvae in virology. This small animal model constitutes an innovative alternative to high-severity animal models.
dc.language.iso	eng
dc.relation.ispartof	Microbiology Spectrum, 2022, vol. 10, num. 6, p. e0315722
dc.subject	Microbiologia
dc.title	The role of histo-blood group antigens and microbiota in human norovirus replication in zebrafish larvae
dc.type	journal article
dc.date.updated	2023-04-19T16:45:02Z
dc.identifier.doi	10.1128/spectrum.03157-22
dc.identifier.idgrec	157313
dc.rights.accessRights	open access