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Functions of Astrocytes under Normal Conditions and after a Brain Disease

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Functions of Astrocytes under Normal Conditions and after a Brain Disease

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dc.contributor.author Valles Martí, Lilián Soraya
dc.contributor.author Singh, Sandeep Kumar
dc.contributor.author Campos Campos, Juan
dc.contributor.author Colmena Zaragoza, Carlos Manuel
dc.contributor.author Campo Palacio, Ignacio
dc.contributor.author Álvarez Gámez, Kenia
dc.contributor.author Caballero Luna, Oscar
dc.contributor.author Jordá Vallés, Adrián
dc.date.accessioned 2023-05-15T15:35:30Z
dc.date.available 2023-05-15T15:35:30Z
dc.date.issued 2023
dc.identifier.citation Valles Martí, Lilian Soraya Singh, Sandeep Kumar Campos Campos, Juan Colmena Zaragoza, Carlos Manuel Campo Palacio, Ignacio Álvarez Gámez, Kenia Caballero Luna, Oscar Jordá Vallés, Adrián 2023 Functions of Astrocytes under Normal Conditions and after a Brain Disease International Journal Of Molecular Sciences 24 8434
dc.identifier.uri https://hdl.handle.net/10550/86608
dc.description.abstract In the central nervous system (CNS) there are a greater number of glial cells than neurons (between five and ten times more). Furthermore, they have a greater number of functions (more than eight functions). Glia comprises different types of cells, those of neural origin (astrocytes, radial glia, and oligodendroglia) and differentiated blood monocytes (microglia). During ontogeny, neurons develop earlier (at fetal day 15 in the rat) and astrocytes develop later (at fetal day 21 in the rat), which could indicate their important and crucial role in the CNS. Analysis of the phylogeny reveals that reptiles have a lower number of astrocytes compared to neurons and in humans this is reversed, as there have a greater number of astrocytes compared to neurons. These data perhaps imply that astrocytes are important and special cells, involved in many vital functions, including memory, and learning processes. In addition, astrocytes are involved in different mechanisms that protect the CNS through the production of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory proteins and they clean the extracellular environment and help neurons to communicate correctly with each other. The production of inflammatory mediators is important to prevent changes in brain homeostasis. On the contrary, excessive, or continued production appears as a characteristic element in many diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple sclerosis (MS), and in neurodevelopmental diseases, such as bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and autism. Furthermore, different drugs and techniques have been developed to reverse oxidative stress and/or excess of inflammation that occurs in many CNS diseases, but much remains to be investigated. This review attempts to highlight the functional relevance of astrocytes in normal and neuropathological conditions by showing the molecular and cellular mechanisms of their role in the CNS.
dc.language.iso eng
dc.relation.ispartof International Journal Of Molecular Sciences, 2023, vol. 24, p. 8434
dc.subject Cervell Ferides i lesions
dc.subject Son
dc.subject Trastorns de la memòria
dc.title Functions of Astrocytes under Normal Conditions and after a Brain Disease
dc.type journal article
dc.date.updated 2023-05-15T15:35:30Z
dc.identifier.doi 10.3390/ijms24098434
dc.identifier.idgrec 158505
dc.rights.accessRights open access

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