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Monitoring Human Viral Pathogens Reveals Potential Hazard for Treated Wastewater Discharge or Reuse

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Monitoring Human Viral Pathogens Reveals Potential Hazard for Treated Wastewater Discharge or Reuse

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dc.contributor.author Falcó Ferrando, Irene Lourdes
dc.contributor.author Cuevas Ferrando, Enric
dc.contributor.author Pérez Cataluña, Alba
dc.contributor.author Randazzo, Walter
dc.contributor.author Sánchez, Gloria
dc.date.accessioned 2023-05-25T08:59:39Z
dc.date.available 2023-05-25T08:59:39Z
dc.date.issued 2022
dc.identifier.citation Falcó Ferrando, Irene Lourdes Cuevas Ferrando, Enric Pérez Cataluña, Alba Randazzo, Walter Sánchez, Gloria 2022 Monitoring Human Viral Pathogens Reveals Potential Hazard for Treated Wastewater Discharge or Reuse Frontiers In Microbiology 13 836193 1 12
dc.identifier.uri https://hdl.handle.net/10550/86927
dc.description.abstract Wastewater discharge to the environment or its reuse after sanitization poses a concern for public health given the risk of transmission of human viral diseases. However, estimating the viral infectivity along the wastewater cycle presents technical challenges and still remains underexplored. Recently, human-associated crAssphage has been investigated to serve as viral pathogen indicator to monitor fecal impacted water bodies, even though its assessment as biomarker for infectious enteric viruses has not been explored yet. To this end, the occurrence of potentially infectious norovirus genogroup I (GI), norovirus GII, hepatitis A virus (HAV), rotavirus A (RV), and human astrovirus (HAstV) along with crAssphage was investigated in influent and effluent water sampled in four wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) over 1 year by a PMAxx-based capsid integrity RT-qPCR assay. Moreover, influent and effluent samples of a selected WWTP were additionally assayed by an in situ capture RT-qPCR assay (ISC-RT-qPCR) as estimate for viral infectivity in alternative to PMAxx-RT-qPCR. Overall, our results showed lower viral occurrence and concentration assessed by ISC-RT-qPCR than PMAxx-RT-qPCR. Occurrence of potentially infectious enteric virus was estimated by PMAxx-RT-qPCR as 88-94% in influent and 46-67% in effluent wastewaters with mean titers ranging from 4.77 to 5.89, and from 3.86 to 4.97 log10 GC/L, with the exception of HAV that was sporadically detected. All samples tested positive for crAssphage at concentration ranging from 7.41 to 9.99 log10 GC/L in influent and from 4.56 to 6.96 log10 GC/L in effluent wastewater, showing higher mean concentration than targeted enteric viruses. Data obtained by PMAxx-RT-qPCR showed that crAssphage strongly correlated with norovirus GII (ρ = 0.67, p < 0.05) and weakly with HAstV and RV (ρ = 0.25-0.30, p < 0.05) in influent samples. In effluent wastewater, weak (ρ = 0.27-0.38, p < 0.05) to moderate (ρ = 0.47-0.48, p < 0.05) correlations between crAssphage and targeted viruses were observed. Overall, these results corroborate crAssphage as an indicator for fecal contamination in wastewater but a poor marker for either viral occurrence and viral integrity/infectivity. Despite the viral load reductions detected in effluent compared to influent wastewaters, the estimates of viral infectivity based on viability molecular methods might pose a concern for (re)-using of treated water.
dc.language.iso eng
dc.relation.ispartof Frontiers In Microbiology, 2022, vol. 13, num. 836193, p. 1-12
dc.subject Aigües residuals Microbiologia
dc.subject Microbiologia
dc.subject Ecologia
dc.title Monitoring Human Viral Pathogens Reveals Potential Hazard for Treated Wastewater Discharge or Reuse
dc.type journal article
dc.date.updated 2023-05-25T08:59:39Z
dc.identifier.doi 10.3389/fmicb.2022.836193
dc.identifier.idgrec 159264
dc.rights.accessRights open access

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