Background: Anxiety and depression are very prevalent in primary care, with high rates of chronic cases, comorbidity and lost quality of life, along with huge economic costs. The Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) project, launched in the United Kingdom in 2007, has become an international benchmark for the treatment of common mental disorders. In Spain, Psicofundación developed the PsicAP clinical trial, following the precedent set by the IAPT. Method: This study reviews and compares and contrasts the methods, results, and contributions of the IAPT and PsicAP. Results: The IAPT is a project for the pragmatic implementation of evidence-based psychological therapies in primary care. PsicAP is a randomized clinical trial whose results demonstrated that adding a psychological treatment (seven group sessions of transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioural therapy) to treatment-as-usual (TAU) for anxiety and depression in the primary care setting was more effective and cost- effective than TAU alone. The therapeutic gains and the cost-effectiveness were maintained at a 12 months follow-up. Moreover, the percentage of reliably recovered patients was comparable to the numbers from the IAPT. Conclusions: This brief psychological treatment should be implemented in the Spanish public health system, similar to the precedent set by the IAPT initiative.