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Background: The aim of this study was to compare manual needle irrigation (MNI), RinsEndo (RE), and passive
ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), and assess the effect of gravity on extrusion from the apex in vitro.
Material and Methods: The distobuccal roots of molars were used and the canals were instrumented up to F2. Teeth
were mounted on models, which permitted visualization and manipulation of the apices for necessary procedures.
The models were placed in articulator to simulate the jaw. Six groups (G) were formed as: G1, G2 and G3 represented mandibular positioning of teeth and were irrigated with MNI, RE, and PUI, respectively, while G4, G5, and
G6 represented maxillary positioning of teeth and were also irrigated in same sequence. Prior to the final irrigation,
72 cube-shaped foam pieces covered with aluminum foil were weighed and the values were recorded as the initial
weights. The cubes were then placed on the apical part of each sample. Final irrigation was performed with distilled
water and the cubes were weighed again to determine their final weights. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis
and Mann-Whitney U post-hoc test (
p
<0.05).
Results: Irrespective of the irrigation technique used, the amount of irrigant extruded from the apex showed a
statistically significant difference related to the effect of gravity (
p
<0.05). There was no statistically significant
difference between irrigation methods (
p
>0.05). When the irrigation systems were compared to examine the effect
of gravity, the significant difference was found between G2 and G5 (
p
<0.05).
Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, MNI and PUI were found to be reliable irrigation systems. Caution should be exercised when using RinsEndo.
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