After surviving one of the fiercest and bloodiest wars since World War II, this country is now experiencing a phase of democratic transition, a phase extremely fragile and volatile. Far from peace expectations of the Congolese people, extre- me violence and human rights violations remain dominant and the everyday tonic in localized areas. This paper aims to shed some light on this reality so ignored, sometimes unk- nown and perhaps poorly served in the Spanish doctrine. It focuses mainly on the peculiar and convoluted combination of factors at play, of their very diverse nature. To do this, this paper will firstly examine the geostrategic factors that defined and determine nowadays the role that Globalization seems to reserve to the African Continent. Secondly, this paper will analyse the peculiar and complex combination of factors at play and actors operating in this unique scenario (States, International Organizations, NGOs, companies, individuals, etc...) without losing sight of the underlying existence of strong economic interests at stake. Without these it would be impossible to unders- tand the reaction of the International Community and in particular the United Nations, to which this paper will turn to in the last chapter.