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Selfa Lluch, María Elena
Morant Navasquillo, Remigi (dir.); Graell Martín, Mariona (dir.) Departament de Didàctica de l'Expressió Musical, Plàstica i Corporal |
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Aquest document és un/a tesi, creat/da en: 2019 | |
Choir singing provides an opportunity for personal and musical improvement for both young and old. However, from the theoretical framework of this research, it is evident that in Spanish secondary schools, choir singing is not as prevalent as it should be, despite being included in the music curriculum. As well as this, it is demonstrated that centres for the elderly are aware of the benefits of music and are also willing collaborators in the field of teaching.
Within this context, the objective of this research is to find out to what extent intergenerational choir singing can become a vehicle for channeling emotions, values and motivation leading to new learning, by using design, application and evaluation of a Service Learning project.
To this end, two different objectives were established. On one hand to the educational effect of the experience of choir singing on secondary studen...
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Choir singing provides an opportunity for personal and musical improvement for both young and old. However, from the theoretical framework of this research, it is evident that in Spanish secondary schools, choir singing is not as prevalent as it should be, despite being included in the music curriculum. As well as this, it is demonstrated that centres for the elderly are aware of the benefits of music and are also willing collaborators in the field of teaching.
Within this context, the objective of this research is to find out to what extent intergenerational choir singing can become a vehicle for channeling emotions, values and motivation leading to new learning, by using design, application and evaluation of a Service Learning project.
To this end, two different objectives were established. On one hand to the educational effect of the experience of choir singing on secondary students, and on the other hand, its effect on the quality of life of the elderly adults, as well as its effect on the socio-emotional state of both generations.
With the aim of discovering current research carried out up to now on this theme, a study of related academic literature was done. Thus, the concept of the term Service Learning (SL) contemplated from its origins and from different perspectives, was reviewed. Also, choir singing as a multidisciplinary and intergenerational activity was looked into. Finally, a review of the current situation of SL projects related to music was conducted.
The research was developed using action-research methodology, in such a way that the study was designed, applied and evaluated in two consecutive stages. A preliminary exploratory stage in which the experiment was piloted and a second stage in which it was tested for consistency through the use of four replicas. Furthermore, the evaluation of the different interventions, as this type of methodology recommends, was conducted through field work, interviews, and photographic and audiovisual material. This information was complemented by a questionnaire for the students and the rubrics of self-assessment and improvement of SL projects.
After its processing, organisation and analysis, the data was structured into four analytical units.
In the case of the secondary school students, the following were noted; the acquisition of personal competencies, awareness raising of old age and illness, modulation of emotions, development of moral values, positive perception of effort; discovery of vocational models, recognition of the power of choral singing and the improvement of vocal ability. Regarding the group of elderly people, they gained well-being, felt useful, managed their emotions, showed positive attitude, perceived and gave support, regained capability and knowledge and modified their stereotypes of young people. As far as the teaching staff were concerned, they received positive feedback, assumed responsibility, and strengthened their self confidence. They also experienced on a personal level the transformative effect of SL and discovered an effective methodology, exercising a rewarding diversity of strategies and widened their training and dedication, which enriched them from both a professional and personal point of view. Finally, regarding the project as a whole, it evidenced an outstanding learning experience, taking advantage of the individual and social dimension of choral singing and the SL; proposing a new perspective on singing in the musical curriculum, attending to everyday needs; creating socio-emotional links; favouring the participation of carers and family members and, therefore, it is considered that requiring the support of educational administration
The conclusions express that the phases established in the research protocol and the instruments used to assess target achievements have been effective and have demonstrated the educational effect of choral singing on musical and personal development, in accordance with the educational purposes of the SL. The secondary students have been motivated by singing in the choir, considering it to be an agreeable activity, which is interesting, accessible and very worthwhile from an emotional and social point of view. They have increased their practice in a favourable context and have improved their capacity for reflection, critical thinking, competencies and social and civic commitment.
The exploration of the needs of the users, their attention through the service and the collection of data in its evaluation have demonstrated its effect on the quality of life on all the participants. The project has improved the verbal, cognitive and motor skills of the elderly people. It has provided relaxation and physical and psychological well being. It has fomented the initiative to help, the sensation of feeling useful, of sharing experiences, of being understanding and collaborating with others, in both the young and the elderly. The emotional experience has had a positive influence on the learning motivation of all the participants in the project.
Therefore it is evident that choir singing in secondary education is a key element in the personal and emotional development of adolescents, as well as the importance of the educational practice of SL as a facilitator of this activity, the enrichment represented by intergenerational interaction, and the personal, professional and social benefits brought by the project.El canto coral es una oportunidad de mejora personal y musical para jóvenes y mayores. Sin embargo, desde el marco teórico de esta investigación se evidencia que en los centros de secundaria españoles no se aplica como debiera a pesar de estar incluido en el currículum de música, junto al hecho de que los centros de mayores son sensibles a los beneficios de la música a la vez que buenos colaboradores en la labor docente.
En este contexto, la finalidad de esta investigación es estudiar en qué medida el canto coral intergeneracional puede constituirse en un vehículo canalizador de emociones, valores y motivaciones que conducen a nuevos aprendizajes, mediante el diseño, aplicación y evaluación de un proyecto de Aprendizaje Servicio.
Para ello se establecen unos objetivos orientados en dos sentidos. Por un lado, al efecto educativo de la experiencia coral en el alumnado de secundaria y, por otro, a su efecto en la calidad de vida de los adultos mayores así como en el área socio-emocional de ambas generaciones.
Con el fin de averiguar lo investigado hasta el momento en el que se lleva a cabo este estudio, se realiza una revisión de la literatura académica relacionada. Así, se revisa la conceptualización del término Aprendizaje Servicio (ApS) contemplado desde sus orígenes y a través de diferentes perspectivas. Además, se sondea el canto coral como actividad multidisciplinar e intergeneracional. Por último, se explora el estado de la cuestión repasando los proyectos ApS relacionados con la música.
Para desarrollar la investigación se utiliza la metodología de investigación-acción, de modo que el estudio se diseña, aplica y evalúa en dos etapas consecutivas; una primera exploratoria en la que se pilota la experiencia y una segunda en la que, mediante cuatro réplicas, se comprueba si es consistente. Asimismo, la evaluación de las distintas intervenciones, tal como aconseja esta metodología, se realiza a través del trabajo de campo, las entrevistas, el material fotográfico y audiovisual, complementándose esta información mediante el cuestionario realizado al alumnado y las rúbricas de autoevaluación y mejora de los proyectos ApS.
Tras el tratamiento de datos, su organización y su análisis, se estructuran los resultados en cuatro unidades de análisis.
En el caso del alumnado se detecta que: adquiere competencias personales; despierta su sensibilidad ante la vejez y la enfermedad; modula sus emociones; desarrolla valores morales; percibe positivamente el esfuerzo; descubre modelos vocacionales; reconoce el poder del canto coral; y mejora sus habilidades vocales. Respecto a los usuarios y usuarias: aprecian bienestar; se sienten útiles; gestionan emociones; muestran actitudes positivas; perciben y dan apoyo; recuperan capacidades y conocimientos; y rompen estereotipos sobre la juventud. Respecto al profesorado: recibe retroalimentación positiva; asume responsabilidad y refuerza su autoconfianza; experimenta personalmente el efecto transformador del ApS; descubre una metodología eficaz; ejerce diversidad de estrategias; y amplía su formación y dedicación, lo cual le enriquece personal y profesionalmente. Por último, respecto al proyecto en su conjunto: evidencia un aprendizaje inusual; aprovecha la dimensión individual y social del canto coral y el ApS; propone una nueva perspectiva del canto en el currículum musical; atiende necesidades próximas; crea vínculos sociemocionales; favorece la participación de cuidadores y familiares; y, por todo ello, se considera que requiere apoyo de la administración educativa.
Las conclusiones expresan que las fases establecidas en el protocolo de la investigación y los instrumentos usados para evaluar el cumplimiento de los objetivos han sido eficaces y han demostrado el efecto educativo del canto coral en la formación musical y humana, en armonía con la propuesta educativa del ApS. El alumnado se ha motivado por el canto coral, al considerarlo una práctica agradable, interesante, accesible y muy valiosa desde el punto de vista emocional y social. Ha aumentado su práctica en un contexto favorable y ha mejorado su capacidad reflexiva, pensamiento crítico, competencias y compromiso social y cívico.
La exploración de las necesidades de los usuarios, su atención a través del servicio y la recogida de datos en su evaluación han demostrado su efecto en la calidad de vida de todos los participantes. El proyecto ha mejorado las habilidades verbales, cognitivas y motrices en los mayores. Ha proporcionado relajación y bienestar físico y psicológico. Ha fomentado la iniciativa de ayudar, la sensación de sentirse útiles, de compartir vivencias, ser comprensivos y colaborar con los demás, en jóvenes y adultos mayores. La vivencia emocional ha influido positivamente en la motivación de aprendizajes diversos en todos los participantes en el proyecto.
Por tanto, se evidencia la pertinencia del canto coral en educación secundaria como elemento clave para el desarrollo emocional y personal de los adolescentes, la práctica educativa del ApS como facilitadora de esta actividad, el enriquecimiento que supone la relación intergeneracional y los beneficios personales, profesionales y sociales que aporta el proyecto.
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