The project-based organization, considered as a radical reorganization of work around one or more simultaneous projects, is nowadays widespread in large companies and public administrations. According to the managerial way of thinking, this system would be virtuous: by giving more autonomy to the employees in the act of production and by developing their skills through mobility and interdisciplinarity of work teams, it would be able to arouse their full commitment. This study confirms in some way how this opinion has been imposed, but at the expense of precarious working conditions, increasing the dedication of employees and silencing any form of criticism. The research is based on a review of the literature and 50 interviews with technicians, engineers and industrial design executives working in a large company in the French automotive industry, where project-based organization is widespread. The links between this organization of work and precariousness are one of the results that stand out after the investigation.