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Molla Esparza, Cristian
López González, Emelina (dir.); Losilla Vidal, Josep Maria (dir.) Departament de Mètodes D'investigació i Diagnòstic en Educació |
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Aquest document és un/a tesi, creat/da en: 2021 | |
Sexting is generally defined as the exchange of sexual media content (sexts) via the internet. This practice is adopted by adolescents as a means of exploring and managing their sexual intimacy and their affective relationships. Adolescents’ engagement in this practice, however, may also involve problems such as the non-consensual distribution of sexts beyond the intended recipient. Sexting prevalence rates observed in adolescents indicate great variability, and socio-demographic correlates are still inconclusive. Such heterogeneity makes it difficult to know the scope of this practice among adolescents. Several critical studies on this topic attribute such heterogeneity to issues such as the lack of an operational definition of sexting and the lack of a standardized measuring instrument. This doctoral thesis had three sequenced goals: (1) to empirically explore the prevalence of sextin...
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Sexting is generally defined as the exchange of sexual media content (sexts) via the internet. This practice is adopted by adolescents as a means of exploring and managing their sexual intimacy and their affective relationships. Adolescents’ engagement in this practice, however, may also involve problems such as the non-consensual distribution of sexts beyond the intended recipient. Sexting prevalence rates observed in adolescents indicate great variability, and socio-demographic correlates are still inconclusive. Such heterogeneity makes it difficult to know the scope of this practice among adolescents. Several critical studies on this topic attribute such heterogeneity to issues such as the lack of an operational definition of sexting and the lack of a standardized measuring instrument. This doctoral thesis had three sequenced goals: (1) to empirically explore the prevalence of sexting in adolescents and analyze its demographic correlates, (2) to systematically review and examine the moderating effect of factors susceptible to explain the observed heterogeneity in sexting prevalence, and (3) to develop and validate a sexting measurement scale for adolescents. In a first study we examined the prevalences of sending, receiving and forwarding sexts, and identified several associated socio-demographic, family situation, and educational correlates in a sample of Spanish secondary school students. Results encouraged researchers to further explore previous prevalences via systematic review with a three-level, mixed-effects meta-analysis, our second study objective, estimating sexting prevalence and analyzing conceptual and methodological aspects susceptible to moderating the observed heterogeneity in sexting estimates. Results obtained in the meta-analysis provided arguments to develop a measure on sexting aimed at covering conceptual and methodological aspects on the sexting definition that affected the prevalence rates. Therefore, the Adolescent Sexting Scale (A-SextS) was developed and validated on a sample of Spanish secondary school students. Results of our first study suggested high prevalences of sending, receiving and forwarding of sexts. Certain subgroups of the students, including males, older adolescents, those reporting use of a greater number of social media platforms, and those spending more time using technological communication devices and social media platforms, were more likely to have engaged in sexting. Our second study revealed that sexting prevalence increases over time and with age. Results highlighted the importance of methodological aspects such as sampling techniques, the administration procedures and the time-frame of the sexting measures. Conceptual aspects such as media content type also moderated the prevalence of sexting. Another result to be highlighted is the lack of similar operationalizations of sexting and of report of its defining elements. Consequently, in our third study, we developed and validated an instrument to measure sexting that overcomes conceptual and methodological shortcomings detected. Based on these three studies, suggestions for future research and for potential implementation of preventive educational measures were formulated. A future study will aim to examine the demographic profile of adolescents involved in sexting according to A-SextS scale estimates.La práctica de sexting se define de forma general como el intercambio de contenidos multimedia de índole sexual a través de Internet. Las tasas de prevalencia de sexting en adolescentes muestran una gran variabilidad y sus correlatos sociodemográficos todavía no son concluyentes. Esta variabilidad dificulta conocer su alcance real en la vida de los adolescentes. Estudios críticos sobre el tema atribuyen la heterogeneidad de la prevalencia a cuestiones como la falta de una definición operativa de sexting y a la ausencia de un instrumento estandarizado para su medida. Esta tesis doctoral tuvo tres objetivos secuenciados: (1) estudiar empíricamente la prevalencia de sexting en adolescentes y explorar sus correlatos demográficos; (2) examinar y revisar sistemáticamente el efecto moderador de factores susceptibles de explicar la heterogeneidad de la prevalencia, y (3) desarrollar y validar una escala de medida de sexting para adolescentes. En un primer estudio se examinaron las prevalencias de envío, recepción y reenvío de sexts en una muestra de estudiantes españoles de educación secundaria, identificando también diversos correlatos sociodemográficos, familiares y educativos. Los resultados animaron a explorar más a fondo las prevalencias anteriores con una revisión sistemática y un metaanálisis de efectos mixtos de tres niveles, estimando la prevalencia de sexting y analizando aspectos conceptuales y metodológicos susceptibles de moderar la heterogeneidad de la prevalencia. Los resultados obtenidos en el metaanálisis aportaron argumentos para construir una medida de sexting orientada a cubrir elementos conceptuales y metodológicos de su definición, que inciden en las tasas de prevalencia. Por lo tanto, se desarrolló la Escala de Sexting para Adolescentes (A-SextS) y se validó en una muestra de estudiantes españoles de secundaria. Los resultados del primer estudio sugirieron altas prevalencias de envío, recepción y reenvío de sexts. Ciertos subgrupos de estudiantes, en especial los varones, los adolescentes más mayores, los usuarios de un mayor número de redes sociales y con un mayor consumo de tiempo utilizando dispositivos tecnológicos y redes sociales, tenían más probabilidades de haber participado en el sexting. El segundo estudio reveló que la prevalencia de sexting aumenta con el tiempo y la edad. Los resultados destacaron la importancia de atender a aspectos metodológicos, como las técnicas de muestreo, los procedimientos de administración y el marco temporal de las medidas de sexting. Aspectos conceptuales, como el formato multimedia de los sexts, también moderaron la prevalencia de sexting. En consecuencia, en el tercer estudio se desarrolló y se validó un instrumento para medir sexting que superara las deficiencias conceptuales y metodológicas detectadas previamente. Sobre la base de estos tres estudios, se formularon propuestas de investigación futura y sugerencias para la implementación de medidas educativas preventivas.
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